NAP preparation

The serious conflicts of interest in the process of the NAP preparation, as well as the multitude of practical restrictions (data availability, pressure of time), led to a simple procedure for the basic model of allocation for the existing installations it proved to be the smallest common denominator. Regarding the allocation of allowances on the basis of historical emissions for the period 2000-2002 without further sectoral differentiation, a very simple base model was created. Here, allocation arose out of the historical emissions for this period multiplied by a so-called compliance factor. This simple model was expanded, however, by a multitude of special rules which had significant consequences for the compliance factor and considerably eroded the uniformity and transparency of the allocation model. 

The Ministry of Environment, representatives of industrial sectors covered by the ETS and independent experts (consultants) were the most important actors in the NAP preparation. The Ministry of Environment was responsible within the government for the NAP preparation and implementation of the ETS Directive. The Ministry of Economy played a less important role, which was widely criticised by representatives of industry, particularly at later stages of the NAP preparation. The passive position of this ministry could be partly explained by ... 

Work on the NAP preparation was launched relatively late, in December 2003. The Ministry of Environment decided to engage the consulting company EnergSys with support of CMS Cameron McKenna and Ecofys Poland to organise and assist the process. 

Step 2 - Total CO2 emission needs in 2005-2007 Step 3 - Split emissions between existing and new installations Step 4 - Early action and cogeneration bonuses Step 5 - Budget for unidentified installations and other needs. Figure 12.6 represents Poland s NAP preparation process and highlights the main budgets aggregated at the level of all ETS sectors. 

After the European Commission s decision the two stages of allocation (sector and installation) were preserved in Poland s NAP preparation. The ministry tried to achieve an agreement first on new sector limits and then on new allocations at installation level. The main modifications at sector level compared to the first NAP related to ... 

Figure 12.6. Summary of the top-down and bottom-up integrated approach to the Polish NAP preparation.

In the Polish view the most essential point is the harmonisation of the EU ETS design and the NAP preparation rules with economic and social goals, environmental policy and international obligations. The main criterion of proper harmonisation is the ability to generate a positive balance of benefits and costs in each country as a result of ETS... 

In spite of critical remarks concerning the ETS Directive and the NAP preparation rules, the Directive and EC documents were important elements of the NAP preparation in Poland. When several sectors tried to clarify the definition of installation , the official EC documents and the opinions of experts from the Commission helped to explain the problem. 

Beyond the official EC documents an important role in NAP preparation was played by information from other Member States and... 

Most of the Commission s recommendations had a positive influence on the technical feasibility of NAP preparation. The... 

In order to eliminate competing reaction with the solvent, a method for generating active uranium in hydrocarbon solvents was desired. Thus a hydrocarbon soluble reducing agent [(TMEDA)Li ]9 [Nap] (Nap=naphthalene) was prepared. This complex has previously been maae from 1,4-dihydro-naphthalene(llO). We have prepared this complex from lithium, naphthalene and TMEDA in a convenient reaction which is amenable to large scale synthesis. 

Ultimately, the ligand itself can be polymerized and used as both ligand and support in one [110]. Pu and coworkers have prepared the rigid chiral poly-BI-NAP ligand below (Fig. 42.17) and used it after treatment with Rh and Ru in asymmetric hydrogenations. The supported catalysts showed similar activities and enantioselectivities to their homogeneous analogues, with the benefit of... 

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