Nanostructured scaffolds

Streptavidin-single-stranded DNA covalent conjugates were described as the building blocks for assembling nanostructured scaffolds [31], The amount and type of biotinylated ligands were used to modulate the affinity of duplex formation between solid-phase-bound nucleic acid templates and DNA-streptavidin conjugates. This system has been proposed for the design of fine-tuned sequence detection systems. 

Figure 8.3 Nanotechnology applications in engineering complex tissues. Cells seeded into biocompatible and nanostructured scaffolds are able to reassemble into functional structures that resemble native tissues under the stimulation of growth factors spatiotemporally delivered by nanoparticles. Complex tissues, like this lobule of tbe liver, could be engineered with the help of devices that are equipped with nanotechnology.

Electrospun nanostructured scaffolds have been intensively investigated as 3-D scaffolds for bone engineering. The principle of electrospinning is to apply high voltage on polymer solution or melt to overcome its surface tension and draw the... 

Figure 73 Representative 3-D nanostructured scaffolds for bone-specific drug delivery systems, (a) Electrospun sitk scaffold with BMP-2 loaded, scale bar=5 pm (reprinted from Ref. [86] with permission) (b) Self-assembled peptide-amphiphile (PA) nanofibers network, scale bar= 1 mi (reprinted from Ref. [87] with permission) (c) Nanocrystalline apatite modified poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA) microsphere scaffolds, scale bar=2pm (reprinted from Ref. [88] with permission) and (d) poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibrous scaffolds incorporated with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanospheres, scale bar=2 pm (reprinted from Ref. [89] with permission).

Kon, E., Mutini, A., Arcangeb, E., Delcogbano, M., Filardo, G., Nicob, A. N., Pressato, D., Quarto, R., Zaffagnini, S., and Marcacci, M. 2010b. Novel nanostructured scaffold for osteochondral regeneration Pilot study in horses. /. Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. 4 300-308. 

In principle, scaffolds should be able to produce or induce the entire and complex set of biochemical signals at all the different length-scales (macro-, micro- and nanoscale) that are relevant in regulating the cooperative behavior of cells at tissue level down to molecular level, directing the cell colonization, attachment, proliferation and differentiation mechanisms towards specific phenotypes. To this aim, the typical tissue engineering experiment on a nanostructured scaffold follows a characteristic logical flow, which is highlighted in hundreds of papers published on polymer nanofibers ... 

Taylor, E.D., 2010. Novel nanostructured scaffolds as therapeutic replacement options for rotator cuff disease. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery (American) 92 (Suppl. 2), 170. Available at http //jbjs.Org/cgi/doi/10.2106/JBJS.J.01112. 

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