Nanoscale separation

JR Perkins, CE Parker, KB Tomer. Nanoscale separations combined with electro-... 

The nanoscale structures created from BCPs could potentially be used for creating devices for use in computer memory, nanoscale tern-plating, and nanoscale separations. In particular, the BCPs containing strategic combination of blocks constituted by suitable donor (D) and acceptor (A) units, have shown great potential in the areas like OPVs,... 

One of the new trends in chemical analysis appeared in the last decade is that the miniaturization. It becomes apparent in the miniaturization of analytical devices, separation procedures, measuring tools, analyzing samples and as a consequent the term micro have appeared. Further development of this trend have led to transfer from the term micro to nano one (nanoparticles, nanofluides, nanoprobes, nanoelectrodes, nanotubes, nanoscale, nanobarcode, nanoelectrospray, nanoreactors, etc). Thereupon a nanoscale films produced by Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) technique are proposed for modifying of chemical sensors. 

There are a number of industrial and technological areas in which nanoscale adhesion is important. One of the earliest fields concerned with adhesion on this scale was colloid science. Colloid particles lie in the intermediate region between macro and nano, with dimensions typically of the order of hundreds of nanometers up to a few microns. This means that their true contact areas he well within the nano-domain and are influenced by interactions on this length scale. Adhesion between such particles is important, due to its influence on mineral separation processes and on the aggregation of powders, for example, on the walls of machinery or in the forming of medical tablets. In an extraterrestrial context, such... 

The formation of nanopattemed functional surfaces is a recent topic in nanotechnology. As is widely known, diblock copolymers, which consist of two different types of polymer chains cormected by a chemical bond, have a wide variety of microphase separation structures, such as spheres, cylinders, and lamellae, on the nanoscale, and are expected to be new functional materials with nanostructures. Further modification of the nanostructures is also useful for obtaining new functional materials. In addition, utilization of nanopartides of an organic dye is also a topic of interest in nanotechnology. 

As aforementioned, diblock copolymer films have a wide variety of nanosized microphase separation structures such as spheres, cylinders, and lamellae. As described in the above subsection, photofunctional chromophores were able to be doped site-selectively into the nanoscale microdomain structures of the diblock copolymer films, resulting in nanoscale surface morphological change of the doped films. The further modification of the nanostructures is useful for obtaining new functional materials. Hence, in order to create further surface morphological change of the nanoscale microdomain structures, dopant-induced laser ablation is applied to the site-selectively doped diblock polymer films. 

The use of nanoscale materials in the dean-up of hazardous waste sites is termed nanoremediation. Remediation of soil contaminated with pentachloro phenol using NZVI was studied [198]. In a separate study, soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls was treated using iron nanopartides [194], NZVI and iron oxide have been suggested to be used as a colloidal reactive barrier for in situ groundwater remediation due to its strong and spedfic interactions with Pb and As compounds [199]. 

Lin, Y., Weng, C. and Chen, F. (2008) Effective removal of AB24 dye by nano/ micro-size zero-valent iron. Separation and Purification Technology, 64, 26-30. Wang, C.B. and Zhang, W.X. (1997) Synthesizing nanoscale iron particles for rapid and complete dechlorination of TCE and PCBs. Environmental Science and Technology, 31, 2154-2156. 

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