Nanoscale roughness

In studying contact between films of polyethylene (PE) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bonded to quartz cylinders, they observed an increase in adhesion energy with contact time for a PE/PE pair, but not for PE/PET or PET/PET combinations. They interpreted this as evidence for the development of nanoscale roughness due to the interdiffusion of chains across the PE/PE interface [84],... 

Fig. 15.13 shows a bonding map for silicon wafer bonding combinations of topography and spatial wavelength that fall below the traces will bond those above the traces will produce voids [101]. This and further work by Turner et al. have explored parameters for direct wafer bonding under clamped conditions [107], addressed wafer bow and etch pattern considerations [108], as well as nanoscale roughness considerations [101]. This work shows that... 

Reprinted from Journal of non-crystalline solids, 262(1-3), Gupta PK, Inniss D, Kurkijan CR, Zhong Qian, Nanoscale roughness of oxide glass surfaces, 200-206, 2001 with permission from Elsevier. 

Lu et al. [172] used a template assembled from uniform silica spheres to produce both an ordered macroporous Au-Ag nanostructure and an ordered hollow Au-Ag nanostructured film by electroless deposition. Both films showed SERS activity but were rather rough on the nanoscale and the authors attributed the surface enhancement to the presence of interconnected nanostructured aggregates and nanoscale roughness. 

Y. Zhang, R. Lamha, and J. Lewis, Engineering nanoscale roughness on hydrophobic surface—preliminary assessment of fouling behaviour, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 6, 236-239, (2005). 

Multiscale Simulations, Fig. 4 Multiscale modeling of channel flow with nanoscale roughness on bottom wall, (a) Physical model abstracted from engineering application (b) streamline comparisons around one roughness the solid lines are from the hybrid modeling, the dashed line on the left is from the full MD simulation, and dashed line on the right is from the full continuum modeling (CFD)... 

However, the mechanisms behind nanotopographically mediated tissue responses are still not clear. The increased adsorption of cell adhesive proteins (such as fibronec-tin, vitronectin, etc.) on nanoscale rough surfaces, due to either uneven surface landscapes or inaeased specific surface area, is a plausible mechanism. However, this mechanism is not enough to explain aU the nanoscale roughness (or nanotopography) related tissue responses. For example, there is a lack of evidence to explain the fact the many different types of cells see the same roughness but their responses are different from cell type to cell type [64]. These questions will be further examined in Chapter 8. 

In other words, the studied surfaces more strongly differ at nano-lengthscale than at micro-lengthscale. The difference in the nanoscale roughness is of importance on the adsorption of protein molecules, which can penetrate into surface valleys (Figure 6.34) and pores. On the other hand. 

The model then assumes that the particle diameters in the CMP slurry are normally distributed. Because some of the particle sizes are much smaller than the nanoscale roughness of the asperity top, not all of the particles participate in material removal. The abrasive particles that are involved in the removal process are again called active particles, and have a diameter that is greater than the critical particle diameter Da, as shown in Figure 6.4(b). Therefore, the total number of active particles that participate in material removal during CMP is... 

Figure 10.19 Low magnification SEM images of the Mater-Bi nanocomposite loaded with 60 wt % hydrophohically modified fumed sihca (HMFS) nanoparticles before (a) and after (b) the thermal treatment. (c,d) Higher magnification SEM images indicate that the nanoscale roughness from the HMFS is stiU present in the nanocomposite and is responsible for the superhydrophohicity [26],...

Bmnetti, V., G. Maiorano, L. Rizzello, B. Sorce, S. Sabella, R. Cingolani, and RR Rompa. 2010. Neurons sense nanoscale roughness with nanometer sensitivity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107(14) 6264-9. 

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