Nanoparticle metal-coated

The final section of the volume contains three complementary review articles on carbon nanoparticles. The first by Y. Saito reviews the state of knowledge about carbon cages encapsulating metal and carbide phases. The structure of onion-like graphite particles, the spherical analog of the cylindrical carbon nanotubes, is reviewed by D. Ugarte, the dominant researcher in this area. The volume concludes with a review of metal-coated fullerenes by T. P. Martin and co-workers, who pioneered studies on this topic. 

Figure 3. Various type of SERS active metallic nanostructures (a) metal-island films (b) metal-coated nanospheres (semi-nanoshells) (c) metal-coated random nanostructures and (d) polymer coatings embedded with metal nanoparticles. Inset An SEM image of silver-coated polystyrene spheres.

In order to make a conclusion about the reasons of the absorption band enhancing we also studied the surface relief for nanostructures prepared. Figs. 2a and 2b demonstrate the surface images of the copper monolayer and the two-layer Cu-Ag structure. In both cases metal coatings are nanostructured. It is worthwhile to note that at comparable lateral mean sizes of nanoparticles (10-15 nm), nanoparticle vertical sizes in Fig. 2a are different. 

These characteristics make CP-AFM ideal for studying electrical transport of nanotubes, nanoparticle assemblies, micro- or nanofabricated semiconductor devices, and individual molecules. Detailed appraisal of these characterizations can be obtained by comparing CP-AFM and STM. Although CP-AFM and STM share high spatial resolution imaging capability (STM 0.1 mn CP-AFM -10 nm, due to larger tip apex) that is critical in linking nanoscale structure to transport properties, an important distinction is the position of the tip with respect to the sample. In the case of CP-AFM, a metal-coated tip is directly contacted to the sample under a controlled load. This means that the measured I V relationship is mainly affected by the electrical properties of the tip-sample contact. 

Park, S., P.X. Yang, P. Corredor, and M.J. Weaver, Transition metal-coated nanoparticle films Vibrational characterization with surface-enhanced Raman scattering. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2002. 124(11) pp. 2428-2429... 

Only few works deal with films or nanoparticles covering the surface of a Nafion membrane. In the case of metal coated Nafion membranes surface nanoparticles were deposited on the surface by in situ reduction of a metal salt precursor [21], by adsorption of a colloidal dispersion of the metal [28], or by sputtering [22, 23]. 

Figure 17.3 Generation of polymer nanoparticles and metal-coated polymer nanoparticle aggregates by use of a microflowthrough arrangement consisting of syringe pumps, a static micromixer for emulsification and reaction initiation and a thermostated residence loop.

Potential for various applications such as catalysis [32], biosensing [33, 34], recording media [35], and optics [36] Nanoparticles in the form of colorants [37], metal coatings [38], electronics [39], optics [40], chemical catalysts [41], and medicines [42]... 

The electrochemical and electroflotation methods are widely used to prepare of chemisorbed macromolecules bound to colloidal metal particles generated in situ. Electrochemical polymerization reactions are heterogeneous They are initiated on the electrode surface, while other stages (chain growth or termination) occm, as a rule, in the liquid phase. The yield of a polymer depends on the chemical and physical nature of the electrodes and their surface, electrode overvoltage, potential rmder which the reaction occurs, and electrical current density. The nature of the electrode material (metals or alloys, thin metallic coats, etc.) determines the characteristics of electron-transfer initiation and polymerization. Direct electron transfer between the electrode and monomer, cathodic deposition, and anodic solubilization of metals are optimum for electrochemical polymerization. Metal salts are the precursors of nanoparticles, which may act as specific electrochemical activators. Nanoparticles can influence activations through direct chemical binding to the monomer and by virtue of transfer, decomposition, or catalytic effects. Nonetheless, electrochemical polymerization has found only limited use in the preparation of polymer-immobilized nanoparticles. 

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