Nanofibers preparation electrospinning

Electrospinning is a method allowing creation of polymer fibers with diameters in the range between a few tens of nanometers to a few micrometers, starting from a solution of preformed polymer. MIP nanoparticles have been included into nanofibers by electrospinning [126, 127], In another case, the nanofibers were directly produced by electrospinning and polymerizing an MIP-precursor solution [128]. Such MIP fibers can then be used, for example, for the preparation of affinity separation materials [129] or as affinity layers in biosensors [127, 130]. 

Spasova M et al (2007) Preparation of PLIA/PEG nanofibers by electrospinning and potential applications. J Bioact Compat Polym 22(l) 62-76... 

Inagaki, M. Y. Yang, and F. Kang, Carbon nanofibers prepared via electrospinning. 

Y-W. Ju, J-H. Park, H-R. Jung, and W-J. Lee, Electrochemical properties of polypyrrole/ sulfonted SEBS composite nanofibers prepared by electrospinning, Electrochim. Acta, 52, 4841 847 (2007). 

Models have been constructed with cross-sections that have diameters of 7-8 nm. They are comparable in thickness with some of the nanofibers prepared by the electrospinning technique, which can be as thin as 3 nm (D. H. Reneker, personal communication). If the fiber has a thickness greater than about 4 nm, it recovers bulk density in its interior. 

Electro-spinning/electrospraying is another attractive method for preparing nonwoven mats, especially those composed of nanofibers. The electrospinning/electrospraying... 

Vargas, N.H., 2010. Aligned Cellulose Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning. University Press, Lulea. 

Solcova 0., Balkan T, Guler Z., Morozova M. A, Dytrych R, and Sarac A. S., New preparation route of TiOj nanofibers by electrospinning spectroscopic and thermal characterizations, Sci. Adv. Mater., 2014,6, 12,2618-2624. 

S., Hasebe, T., and Hotta, A. (2014) Preparation and characterization of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine polymer nanofibers prepared via electrospinning for biomedical materials. J. Appl. Polym. Sci, 131, 40606... 

As we discuss there are various methods to produce carbon nanofibers or carbon nanotubes, for example, vapor growth [89], arc dischaige, laser ablation and chemical vapor deposition [28, 89]. However, these are very expensive processes owing to the low product yield and expensive equipment. Preparation carbon nanofiber by electrospinning of proper precursors is preferred because of its lower cost and more output [90]. 

Ma et al. [119] demonstrated a facile method for the preparation of porous ultrafine nanofibers of PAN as a precursor for carbon nanofiber. They prepared the PAN/NaHCOj composite nanofibers by electrospinning, and then NaHCOj was removed by a selective dissolution and reaction with the solution of hydrochloric acid (10 wt %). The obtained PAN fibers showed highly porous surfaces after the extraction ofNaHC03-... 

Kim, C. et al. (2004). Raman Spectroscopic Evaluation of Polyacrylonitrile-based Carbon Nanofibers Prepared by Electrospinning. 

Wang, Y, Serrano, S., Santiago-AvUe, J. (2003). Raman Characterization of Carbon Nanofibers Prepared Using Electrospinning. 158, 423-427. 

Oh, G., et al., (2008) Preparation of the novel manganese-embedded PAN-based activated carbon nanofibers by electrospinning and their toluene adsorption.. loumal of Analytical annlied vvrolvsis.. 81 p. 211-217. 

Hollow composite nanofibers prepared by co-axial electrospinning technique. Reprinted with permission from reference 66. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society. 

Zhou X, Qiu Y, Yu J, Yin J, Gao S (2011) Tungsten carbide nanofibers prepared by electrospinning with high electrocatalytic activity for oxygen reduction. Int J Hydrogen Energy 36(13) 7398-7404... 

Sui XM, Shao CL, Liu YC (2005) White-light emission of polyvinyl alcohol/ZnO hybrid nanofibers prepared by electrospinning. Appl Phys Lett 87 113115... 

Shi Q, Vitchuli N, Nowak J, Caldwell JM, Breidt F, Bourham M, Zhang X, McCord M (2011) Durable antibacterial Ag/polyacrylonitrile (Ag/PAN) hybrid nanofibers prepared by atmospheric plasma treatment and electrospinning. Fur Polym J 47 1402-1409... 

Wang H, Lu X, Zhao Y, Wang C (2006) Preparation and characteaization of ZnS Cu/PVA composite nanofibers via electrospinning. Mater Lett 60 2480-2484... 

Ding B, Kim J, Miyazaki Y, Shiratori S (2004a) Electiospun nemofibrous membranes coated quartz crystal microbalance as gas sensor for NH detection. Sens Actuators B Chem 101 373-380 Ding B, Kim C, Kim H, SeoM,ParkS (2004b) Titanium dioxide nanofibers prepared by using electrospinning method. Fiber Polym 5 105-109... 

Formhals A (1934) Process and apparatus for preparing artificial threads, U.S. patent 1975504. Huang Z M, Zhang Y Z, Kotaki M and Ramakrishna S (2003) A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites. Compos Sci Technol 63 2223-2253. Rodney K (2009) Four commercial applications for electroadsorptive filter media in water filtration. In Conf Proc Nanofibers for the Millenium - Nano for Life , March 11-12, Prague, Czech Republic, pp.168-171. 

Nagamine S, Ishimaru S, Taki K and Ohshima M (2011) Fabrication of Carbon-Core/Ti02-Sheath Nanofibers by Carbonization of Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Ti02 Composite Nanofibers Prepared via Electrospinning and an Interfacial Sol-Gel Reaction, Mater Lett (in press), doi 10.1016/j.matlet.2011.06.067. 

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