Nanoelectrochemistry

Hugelmann M, Hugelmann P, Lorenz WJ, Schindler W (2005) Nanoelectrochemistry and nanophysics at electrochemical interfaces. Surf Sci 597 156-172... 

It may be possible to achieve an adequate solution of these problems by developing catalysts with snrface properties that have been tailored deliberately so as to provide a favorable catalytic action on all intermediate steps that need it. Such catalysts should be polyfunctional and exhibit a certain degree of chemical and structural surface microheterogeneity. Electrochemical nanoelectrochemistry (see Chapter 36) may be a possible approach for synthesizing snch snrfaces. For a detailed investigation and control of these catalytic surfaces, the tools available among the experimental physical methods (see Chapter 27) will be nsefnl. 

On the other hand, a rising interdisciplinary field (nanoelectrochemistry) which combines the simplicity, rapidness, high selectivity, and high sensitivity of electrochemistry with the unique electronic, optical, and magnetic properties of NPs has been the focus of intense research. Why is nanoelectrochemistry so popular for the electroanalytical chemist and electrochemist This can be explained as follows. 

Peng KQ, Yan YJ, Gao SP, Zhu J (2002) Synthesis of large-area silicon nano wire arrays via self-assembling nanoelectrochemistry. Adv Mater 14 1164-1167... 

Jang, S,Y, M, Marquez, and G,A, Sotzing, Writing of conducting polymers using nanoelectrochemistry. Synthetic Metals, 2005, 152(1-3) pp, 345-348... 

The research of Mallouk and Smotkin [45] considered combinatorial catalyst development methods. In the combinatorial research, the tools of electrochemical analysis (steady-state and dynamic voltammetry, chronoamperometry, scanning electrochemical microscopy, spectroelec-trochemistry, complex impedance analysis) are used to test electrochemical cell. These tools allow the kinetic and mechanistic studies not readily available in nanoelectrochemistry. The research concentrated on improving the metallic catalyst, and also optimizing the interfacial contact and utilization. 

E. Leiva, Nanoelectrochemistry, Fundamentals of Electrochemistry, By V.S. Bagotsky, second ed., John... 

New inslmmentation and devices for gaining insight into the structure of matter on the atomic level has opened the door to this fascinating nanoworld. Research and development of nanoscience and nanotechnology in electrochemistry follow several main streams. One of them is the investigation of the surface with atomic resolution, which has been described throughout this book. A number of reviews exist about this surface nanoelectrochemistry. ... 

Murray, R. W. Nanoelectrochemistry Metal Nanoparticles, Nanoelectrodes, and Nanopores. Chemical reviews,108(7), 2688-2720 (2008). 

The first three parts approach the classic aspects of electrochemistry on a BA/master s degree level. The fourth part touches on cutting-edge developments in the field of modern research (electrochemistry of solids, conducting polymers, physical methods for analysis, electrocatalysis, photoelectrochemistry, bioelectrochemistry, electrokinetics, interfaces between immisicible liquids, numerical simulations and nanoelectrochemistry, etc.)... 

Paska Y, Stelzner T, Christiansen S, Haick H (2011) Enhanced sensing of nonpolar volatile organic compounds by silicon nanowire field effect transistors. ACS Nano 5(7) 5620-5626 Peng K-Q, Yan Y-J, Gao S-P, Zhu J (2002) Synthesis of large-area silicon nanowire arrays via self-assembling nanoelectrochemistry. Adv Mater 14 1164-1167... 

In this chapter, attention is focused on in-situ STM and AFM, and recent advances of in-situ SPM in surface electrochemistry and nanoelectrochemistry are introduced, with applications that include surface characterization, nanostructuring, and molecular electronics. First, a brief discussion of the principles and features of STM and AFM is provided, and this is followed by some selected examples of the capabilities of both techniques in the study of surface and nanoelectrochemistry, mostly acquired in recent studies conducted by the present author s group. Emphasis is placed on the roles of in-situ STM and AFM from a methodological point of view. Finally, the prospects for the further development of in-situ SPM are reviewed. 

The application of in-situ SPM to electrode-electrolyte interfaces has not only led to enormous progress in the fundamental investigations of surface electrochemistry and nanoelectrochemistry but has also catalyzed the merging of new interdisciplinary topics with electrochemistry. Specially designed video STM instrumentation [75,76] that provides images at about 20 frames per second, and has been available in some laboratories for several years, allows the kinetics of electrochemical processes to be followed with increased time resolution. However, there remains much room for further developments in the instrumentation as well as applications in in-situ SPM. 

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