Nanocrystalline cellulose reinforcement

LaliaBS, Samad YA, Hashaikeh R (2013) Nanocrystalline cellulose-reinforced composite mats for lithium-ion batteries electrochemical and thermomechanical performance. J Solid State Electrochem 17(3) 575-581. doi 10.1007/sl0008-012-1894-l... 

Lalia, B.S., Y.A. Samad, and R. Hashaikeh, Nanocrystalline-cellulose-reinforced poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) nanocomposite films as a separator for lithium ion batteries. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2012.126(S1) E442-E448. 

Nanocrystalline cellulose, a rod-shaped nanoscale material with exceptional strength and physicochemical properties, can be prepared from inexpensive renewable biomass. Besides its potential use as a reinforcing agent for industrial biocomposites, pristine NCC exhibits low toxicity and poses no serious environmental concerns, providing impetus for its use in bioapplications [115]. 

Table 13.5 Biopolymer Nanocomposites Reinforced With Nanocrystalline Cellulose Solvents Used and Obtention Methodology ...

Overall, cellulose I is mainly responsible for the mechanical properties of reinforced polymer composites due to its high elastic modulus and crystallinity. The elastic modulus of perfect cellulose crystals has been calculated and estimated between 130 GPa to 250 GPa, whereas the tensile strength is approximately between 0.8 GPa to 10 GPa [28]. In previous studies cellulose has already been processed into films, gels, fibers, microfibers, nanofibers and nanocrystals for different applications [29-32]. Actually, cellulose fiber is the bundle of microfibrils comprising nanocrystalline domains linking through amorphous domains [33]. 

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