Nanocomposites batteries

Cosandey F., Su D., Sina M., Pereira N., Amatucci G. G. Fe valence determination and Li elemental distribution in lithiated FeOojFi.s/C nanocomposite battery materials by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), Micron 2012, 43, 22-29. 

Battery applications Titanium containing y-Mn02 (TM) hollow spheres synthesis and catalytic activities in Li-air batteries [123] Orthorhombic LiMn02 nanorods for lithium ion battery application [124] Electrochemical characterization of MnOOH-carbon nanocomposite cathodes for metal—air batteries [125] Electrocatalytic activity of nanosized manganite [126]... 

Hu, C., Liao, S., Chang, K., Yang, Y. and Lin, K. (2010) Electrochemical characterization of MnOOH-carbon nanocomposite cathodes for metal-air batteries impacts of dispersion and interfacial contact. Journal of Power Sources, 195, 7259-7263. 

Fig. 12.2 A foldable, bendable battery paper invention which can be inserted under the skin as a pacemaker and powered in part by bodily fluids, (a) A postage-stamp-sized battery as thin as paper, (b) the flexible nanocomposite film battery used to glow a red light-emitting diode (LED)...

Fig. 12.3 Fabrication of the nanocomposite paper units for battery, (a) Schematic of the battery assembled by using nanocomposite film units. The nanocomposite unit comprises LiPF6 electrolyte and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) embedded inside cellulose paper. A thin extra layer of cellulose covers the top of the MWNT array. Ti/Au thin film deposited on the exposed MWNT acts as a current collector. In the battery, a thin Li electrode film is added onto the nanocomposite, (b) Cross-sectional SEM image of the nanocomposite paper showing MWNT protruding from the cel-lulose-RTIL ([bmlm] [Cl]) thin films (scale bar, 2pm). The schematic displays the partial exposure of MWNT. A supercapacitor is prepared by putting two sheets of nanocomposite paper together at the cellulose exposed side and using the MWNTs on the external surfaces as electrodes, (c) Photographs of the nanocomposite units demonstrating mechanical flexibility. Flat sheet (top), partially rolled (middle), and completely rolled up inside a capillary (bottom) are shown (See Color Plates)...

Fig. 12.3 Fabrication of the nanocomposite paper units for battery, (a) Schematic of the battery assembled by using nanocomposite film units. The nanocomposite unit comprises LiPF6 electrolyte and multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) embedded inside cellulose paper. A thin extra layer of cellulose covers the top of the MWNT array. Ti/Au thin film deposited on the exposed MWNT acts as a current collector. In the battery, a thin Li electrode film is added onto the nanocomposite.

Zhou, X.S., et al., Self-assembled nanocomposite of silicon nanoparticles encapsulated in graphene through electrostatic attraction for lithium-ion batteries. Advanced Energy Materials, 2012. 2(9) p. 1086-1090. 

Baek, S., et ah, A one-pot microwave-assisted non-aqueous sol-gel approach to metal oxide/graphene nanocomposites for Li-ion batteries. RSC Advances, 2011.1(9) p.1687-1690. 

Materials development and synthesis is another important dual-use type of chemistry. Developments over the past few decades include a number of elec-troitic materials and their processing, fuel cells and batteries, photoresist and semiconductor synthesis, high-performance composites (structural components) and nanocomposite materials, colloidal nanoparticle technology, solid-state lasers, and light-emitting diodes. 

To get high-rate performance in Li-ion batteries, Moriguchi et al. [209] have studied the nanocomposite of Ti02 and CNTs. SWCNT-containing mesoporous Ti02 has shown better rate performance compared to that of the Ti02 without CNTs. 

Ng SH, Wang J, Wexler D, Konstantinov K, Guo ZP, Liu HK. Highly reversible lithium storage in spheroidal carbon-coated silicon nanocomposites as anode for lithium-ion batteries. Angew Chem 2006 118 7050-7053. 

Shi DQ, Tu JP, Yuan YF, Wu HM, Li Y, Zhao XB. Preparation and electrochemical properties of mes-oporous Si/Zr02 nanocomposite film as anode material for lithium ion battery. Electrochem Commun 2006 8 1610-1614. 

Kim, I.S., Blomgren, G.E., and Kumta, P.N., Nano structured Si/TiB2 nanocomposites anode materials for Li-ion batteries, Electrochem. Solid State Lett., 6, A157, 2003. 

Major polymer applications pharmaceutical applications, controlled release drugs,. polyester fibers, unsaturated polyester resins, oil exploration, polyols, surfactants, haircare, switching elements, polymer electrolytes, lithium batteries, nanocomposites... 

Nanocomposites encompass a large variety of systems composed of dissimilar components that are mixed at the nanometer scale. These systems can be one-, two-, or three-dimensional organic or inorganic crystalline or amorphous. A critical issue in nanocomposite research centers on the ability to control their nanoscale stmcture via their synthesis. The behavior of nanocomposites is dependent on not only the properties of the components, but also morphology and interactions between the individual components, which can give rise to novel properties not exhibited by the parent materials. Most important, the size rednction from microcomposites to nanocomposites yields an increase in snrface area that is important in applications such as mechanically reinforced components, nonlinear optics, batteries, sensors, and catalysts. 

Mechanically blended composite of nanosized Ti02 and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has also been used as potential anode materials for Li-ion batteries. It was found that the ri02/CNTs nanocomposite exhibited an improved cycling stability and higher reversible capacity than CNTs. The reversible capacity of the ri02/CNTs composite reached... 

---