Nano surfactant induced

The integrated DLS device provides an example of a measurement tool tailored to nano-scale structure determination in fluids, e.g., polymers induced to form specific assemblies in selective solvents. There is, however, a critical need to understand the behavior of polymers and other interfacial modifiers at the interface of immiscible fluids, such as surfactants in oil-water mixtures. Typical measurement methods used to determine the interfacial tension in such mixtures tend to be time-consuming and had been described as a major barrier to systematic surveys of variable space in libraries of interfacial modifiers. Critical information relating to the behavior of such mixtures, for example, in the effective removal of soil from clothing, would be available simply by measuring interfacial tension (ILT ) for immiscible solutions with different droplet sizes, a variable not accessible by drop-volume or pendant drop techniques [107]. 

One of the most important features of these analogues is their ability to be further cross-linked. The feasibility of the post-polymerization was demonstrated by the application of UV light induced polymerisation of the diynoic galactonamide 32b, which resulted in polymers retaining the superstructure of the surfactant aggregates.167 Similar observations were made for the dodecyl galactonamides 32a, which open up a route to the construction of pre-defined chiral nano-objects, which can be then stablized after assembly. 

TTiis concept has barely been implemented before now due to the tedious experimental work necessary to ascertain that the nano-droplets remain intact after the secondary emulsification stage as well as after prolonged storage. Moreover the very fast exchange of the monomeric surfactants between the internal and external interfaces induces concurrent emptying of the core phase and leaching of the inner water phase. 

At constant temperature, phase transitions (similar to those observed in the PIT method) may take place by changing composition during the emulsification process [23,14], that is, a phase inversion can be induced by a change in composition. Although PEO-type surfactants are not required in the PIC method, numerous investigations have used these type of surfactants for the preparation of direct (0/W) nano-emulsions [57,26,58,19,59,32] and reverse (W/O) nano-emulsions, reported for the first time by Uson et al. [27]. 

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