Nano-bubbles

Energy Conversion, Fnvirnnmftntal. Sftnsnr Environmental Cleaning by Micro- bubble and Nano- bubble Removal of Nano- particle from Wall Surface bv Ultrasound... 

In the actual case of PSA debonding, the physical origin of the scattering signal might again be nano-bubbles embedded in the polymer material. Princi-... 

H. Aida, S.-W. Kim, K. Ikejiti, T. Doi, T. Yamazaki, K. Seshimo, K. Koyama, H. Takeda, N. Aota, Precise mechanical polishing of brittle materials with free diamond abrasives dispersed in micro-nano-bubble water. Precis. Eng. 40 (2015) 81—86. 

T. Manii, An introduction to micro/nano-bubbles and their applications, Syst. Cybem. Inform. 11 (4) (2013) 68—73. 

Tsai, J.-C., Kumar, M., Chen, S.-Y., Lin, J.-G., 2007. Nano-bubble flotation technology with coagulation process for the cost effective treatment of chemical mechanical polishing wastewater. Sep. Purif Technol. 58, 61—67. 

N. Ishida, T. Inoue, M. Miyahara, and K. Higashitani, Nano bubbles on a hydrophobic surface in water observed by tapping-mode atomic force microscopy, Langmuir, 16,6377-6380 (2000). 

This chapter is, to a large part, concerned with the extension of this formalism to (nano-)bubbles. Simple-minded planar models of interfacial slippage predict that nanobubbles should look like a film with an apparent negative thickness where the negative thickness is identified with the "slip length". A frequency increase upon bubble formation (corresponding to a negative apparent film thickness) has... 

V. Tsionslqf, A. Kaverin, L. Daikhin, G. Katz, and E. Gileadi, Physical chemistiy an experimental verification of the possible influence of gas nano-bubbles on the response of an electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance, Chem. Phys., 7,1830-1835 (2005). 

Kukizaki M, Nakashima T, Song J, Kohama Y (2004) Monodispersed nano-bubbles generated from porous glass membrane and bubble size control, Kagaku Kogaku Ronbunshu 30-5 654-660... 

An important point to make here is that these true , short-range hydrophobic interactions are not to be confused with the so-called long-range hydrophobic interactions that have been observed between hydrophobic surfaces in water, and are nowadays ascribed to the spontaneous formation of nano-bubbles between the two surfaces, particularly if the aqueous phase has not been de-gassed. 

Thin film, glass transition, compliance, nano bubble inflation. 

Figure 1. Three-dimensional AFM height sean image of PVAe ultrathin film nano-bubbles . The PVAe sample has a film thiekness of 150nm and the test is run at 40°C and 7 psi. 

---