Naming of Hydrogen

IUPAC (1988) Names of Hydrogen Atoms, Ions, and Groups, and for Reactions Involving Them. 

As already apparent from its name, this nomenclature type is based on the addition of atoms or groups of atoms to a parent structure and is restricted to very few special cases. The most important and at any rate indispensable application of this method is found in the naming of hydrogenated fused polycycles where hydrogenation is indicated by appropriate prefixes. 

Figure 5.13 shows the way in which the molecules are visualised, their chemical symbol, and the names of the first three members of the series. The carbon atom has four bonds that can join with either one or more carbon atoms (a unique-property) or with atoms of other elements, such as hydrogen. Hydrogen has only one bond, and can therefore join with only one other atom. 

Preparation of a Brookhaven Protein Data Bank (PDB)-formatted [10] file containing the coordinates and appropriate names of all atoms, including all polar and aromatic hydrogens. 

The flic presented contains 11 data items. The header lines arc property names as used by CACTVS [64, 65], and arc sufficiently self-descriptive. For example, E NHDONORS is the number of hydrogen bond donor.s, E SM1LES" is the SMILES string representing the structure of sulfamidc, and E LOGP is the logP value (octanol/water partition coefficient) for this substance. 

The ordinary isotope of hydrogen, H, is known as Protium, the other two isotopes are Deuterium (a proton and a neutron) and Tritium (a protron and two neutrons). Hydrogen is the only element whose isotopes have been given different names. Deuterium and Tritium are both used as fuel in nuclear fusion reactors. One atom of Deuterium is found in about 6000 ordinary hydrogen atoms. 

The atomic symbol is one or two letters chosen to represent an element ("H" for "hydrogen," etc.). These symbols are used internationally. Typically, a symbol is the truncated name of the element or the truncated Latin name of the element. Click here for... 

We have already discussed one important chemical property of alkynes the acidity of acetylene and terminal alkynes In the remaining sections of this chapter several other reactions of alkynes will be explored Most of them will be similar to reactions of alkenes Like alkenes alkynes undergo addition reactions We 11 begin with a reaction familiar to us from our study of alkenes namely catalytic hydrogenation... 

The name aldehyde was in vented to stand for a/cohol de/iydrogenatum indicating that aldehydes are related to alcohols by loss of hydrogen... 

This makes hydrogen chloride the active model The name of the active model is displayed at the top of the SpartanView window Only one model can be active at any time... 

For branching compounds, the parent structure is the longest continuous chain present in the compound. Consider the compound to have been derived from this structure by replacement of hydrogen by various alkyl groups. Arabic number prefixes indicate the carbon to which the alkyl group is attached. Start numbering at whichever end of the parent structure that results in the lowest-numbered locants. The arable prefixes are listed in numerical sequence, separated from each other by commas and from the remainder of the name by a hyphen. 

Univalent radicals derived from saturated unbranched alkanes by removal of hydrogen from a terminal carbon atom are named by adding -yl in place of -ane to the stem name. Thus the alkane... 

Names of polycyclic hydrocarbons with less than the maximum number of noncumulative double bonds are formed from a prefix dihydro-, tetrahydro-, etc., followed by the name of the corresponding unreduced hydrocarbon. The prefix perhydro- signifies full hydrogenation. For example, 1,2-dihy-dronaphthalene is... 

Radicals derived from heterocyclic compounds by removal of hydrogen from a ring are named by adding -yl to the names of the parent compounds (with elision of the final e, if present). These exceptions are retained ... 

Substitution means the replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms in a given compound by some other kind of atom or group of atoms, functional or nonfunctional. In substitutive nomenclature, each substituent is cited as either a prefix or a suffix to the name of the parent (or substituting radical) to which it is attached the latter is denoted the parent compound (or parent group if a radical). 

Halogen Derivatives. Using substitutive nomenclature, names are formed by adding prefixes listed in Table 1.8 to the name of the parent compound. The prefix perhalo- implies the replacement of all hydrogen atoms by the particular halogen atoms. 

These contracted names of heterocyclic nitrogen compounds are retained as alternatives for systematic names, sometimes with indicated hydrogen. In addition, names of 0x0 derivatives of fully saturated nitrogen heterocycles that systematically end in -idinone are often contracted to end in -idone when no ambiguity might result. For example. 

Acid salts include the word hydrogen (with affixes, if appropriate) inserted between the name of the cation and the name of the anion (or word salt). 

Isotopically labeled compounds may be described by inserting the italic symbol of the isotope in brackets into the name of the compound for example, H C1 is hydrogen chloride[ CZ] or hydrogen chloride-36, and H C1 is hydrogen H chloride[ CZ] or hydrogen-2 chloride-38. 

Names such as hydrobromic acid refer to an aqueous solution, and percentages such as 48% HBr denote the weight/volume of hydrogen bromide in the solution. 

Urea reacts with formaldehyde compounds such as monomethylolurea, NH2CONHCH2OH, dimethylolurea, HOCH2NHCONHCH2OH, and others, depending on the mol ratio of formaldehyde, to urea and upon the pH of the solution. Hydrogen peroxide and urea give a white crystalline powder, urea peroxide, CO(NH2 (2 -H2 02, known under the trade name of Hypersol, an oxidizing agent. 

Tetralin. Tetralin is a trade name of Du Pont for 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapththalene [119-64-2] C qH 2- Tetralin, a derivative of naphthalene, is made by hydrogenating one ring completely and leaving the other unchanged. Tetralin is produced by several manufacturers and is one of the oldest heat-transfer fluids. Tetralin can be used both in Hquid- and vapor-phase systems. The normal boiling point is 207°C. 

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