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Naming compounds branched structures

The name dendrimers, which has meanwhile largely displaced the original designation of cascade molecules, is derived from the Greek words dendron and meros, and is meant to underscore the tree-like branched structure of this class of compounds (see Section 1.1). [Pg.7]

Although the compounds you have just named have different structural formulas, they both have the same molecular formula C6Hi2. These compounds are both isomers of C6Hi2 You worked with structural isomers earlier in this chapter. You have seen that isomers can be made by rearranging carbon and hydrogen atoms and creating new branches. Now you will learn that isomers can also be made by rearranging double bonds. [Pg.557]

The names of the first ten straight-chain alkanes, shown in Table 18.1, are used as the basis for naming most organic compounds. To name a branched alkane, you must be able to answer three questions about its structure. [Pg.625]

The name dendrimer refers to the star- or tree-shaped, branched structures of this relatively new class of cationic gene transfer systems [8, 78-81]. They are frequently synthesized from polyami-doamines with special chemical or physical features. Probably best known are the starburst dendrimers with particle sizes ranging from 5 to 100 nm. These particles reveal a highly regular branched dendritic symmetry. Starburst dendrimers are three-dimensional oligomeric or polymeric compounds, which, initiated from small molecules as nuclei, are built layer-by-layer ( generations ) by repeated... [Pg.259]

The suffix labels the functional group whose presence places the molecule into the appropriate class of chemical compounds. In this scheme the saturated hydrocarbons, the alkanes have the suffix -ane. For naming isomers, the system is more complicated and includes additional rules. Since the molecules of isomers are branched, the root name must correspond to the longest chain. The sidechains are treated as additional groups called substituents. In the final name of the structure, the substituents are introduced as prefixes to the root. The names of substituents are formed following the same rules as in the case of simple alkanes, i.e. the number of C-atoms followed by the suffix -yl. [Pg.6]

Note that the carbon atoms do not form a single line. This compound is an example of a branched-chain alkane. You can confirm that its molecular formula is CgH2o, the same as for nonane. However, the compound s structure and properties are different from those of nonane. How would you determine the name of this compound Chemists follow the rules below for naming branched-chain alkanes. [Pg.221]

As numbered on the structural formula the longest continuous chain contains eight car bons and so the compound is named as a derivative of octane Numbering begins at the end nearest the branch and so the ethyl substituent is located at C 4 and the name of the alkane is 4 ethyloctane... [Pg.75]

For branching compounds, the parent structure is the longest continuous chain present in the compound. Consider the compound to have been derived from this structure by replacement of hydrogen by various alkyl groups. Arabic number prefixes indicate the carbon to which the alkyl group is attached. Start numbering at whichever end of the parent structure that results in the lowest-numbered locants. The arable prefixes are listed in numerical sequence, separated from each other by commas and from the remainder of the name by a hyphen. [Pg.2]

Alkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula C H2n. -2- They contain no functional groups, are relatively inert, and can be either straight-chain (normal) or branched. Alkanes are named by a series of IUPAC rules of nomenclature. Compounds that have the same chemical formula but different structures are called isomers. More specifically, compounds such as butane and isobutane, which differ in their connections between atoms, are called constitutional isomers. [Pg.100]

The chain and branched chain saturated hydrocarbons make up a family called the alkanes. Some saturated hydrocarbons with five carbon atoms are shown in Figure 18-11. The first example, containing no branches, is called normal-pentane or, briefly, n-pentane. The second example has a single branch at the end of the chain. Such a structural type is commonly identified by the prefix iso- . Hence this isomer is called /50-pentane. The third example in Figure 18-11 also contains five carbon atoms but it contains the distinctive feature of a cyclic carbon structure. Such a compound is identified by the prefix cyclo in its name—in the case shown, cyclopentane. [Pg.341]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.36 ]




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Branching structure

Compounds names

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