Naming compounds binary ionic type

Naming Simple Compounds Binary Ionic Compounds (Type I) Formulas from Names Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)... 

Binary compounds are those that contain only two different elements. The names for binary ionic compounds containing a metal that forms only one type of ion have the form ... 

The rule for naming compounds depends on the type of compound. For ionic compounds consisting of two elements (binary compounds), we start by naming the cation element. After the cation element is named, the stem of the anion is used with the ending ide added to the stem. 

We will begin with the systems for naming inorganic binary compounds— compounds composed of two elements—which we classify into various types for easier recognition. We will consider both ionic and covalent compounds. 

A Type I binary ionic compound contains a metal that forms only one type of cation. The rules for naming Type I compounds are illustrated by the following examples ... 

Before you can write a chemical formula from the name of a compound, you need to recognize what type of compound the name represents. For binary ionic compounds, the first part of the name is the name of a metallic cation. This may include a Roman numeral in parentheses. The anion name starts with the root of the name of a nonmetal and ends with -ide. 

When a metal is present that forms more than one cation, a Roman numeral is required to specify the cation charge, just as in naming Type 11 binary ionic compounds. For example, the compound FeSO is called iron(ll) sulfate, because it contains Fe " (to balance the 2- charge on SO "). Note that to determine the charge on the iron cation, you must know that sulfate has a 2- charge. 

Formulas from Names Binary Ionic Compounds (Type II)... 

In the binary ionic compounds considered earlier (Type I), the metal present forms only a single type of cation. That is, sodium forms only Na, calcium forms only Ca, and so on. However, as we will see in more detail later in the text, there are many metals that form more than one type of positive ion and thus form more than one type of ionic compound with a given anion. For example, the compound FeCl2 contains Fe ions, and the compound FeCl3 contains Fe ions. In a case such as this, the charge on the metal ion must be specified. The systematic names for these two iron compounds are iron(ll) chloride and iron(lll) chloride, respectively, where the Roman numeral indicates the charge of the cation. 

As shown in Example 2.5, when a metal ion is present that forms more than one type of cation, the charge on the metal ion must be determined by balancing the positive and negative charges of the compound. To do this you must be able to recognize the common cations and anions and know their charges (see Tables 2.3 and 2.5). The procedure for naming binary ionic compounds is summarized in Fig. 2.20. 

Binary compounds that contain only nonmetals are named in accordance with a system similar in some ways to the rules for naming binary ionic compounds, but there are important differences. Type HI binary compounds contain only nonmetals. The following rules cover the naming of these compounds. 

Rules for Naming Binary Ionic Compounds of Metal Forming One Type of Cation... 

The considerations presented up to this point can be easily extended to higher ionic crystals and compounds with more than two or three components [4]. Again, quite generally, the energetically favourable defects constitute the disorder type. For a binary ionic crystal without electronic majority defects there are, in principle, only four disorder types. These are the previously described Schottky and Frenkel types and their corresponding anti-types namely, cations and an equivalent number of anions in the interstices (anti-Schottky disorder), and anion vacancies with an equal number of anions in the interstices (anti-Frenkel disorder). However, for higher ionic crystals the number of possible disorder types increases considerably because of the greater number of components and sublattices. Therefore, in such crystals, it is much more difficult to uniquely determine the disorder type. 

NAMING BINARY IONIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING A METAL THAT FORMS ONLY ONE TYPE OF CATION... 

Naming Binary Ionic Compounds Containing a Metal That Forms Only One Type of Ion (Section 5.7)... 

Section 5.7 Naming Ionic Compounds has been revised. The terms "Type I" and "Type 11" ionic compounds have been eliminated, and the subsections and worked Examples dealing with naming binary ionic compounds have been renamed and revised. 

It should not be inferred that the crystal structures described so far apply to only binary compounds. Either the cation or anion may be a polyatomic species. For example, many ammonium compounds have crystal structures that are identical to those of the corresponding rubidium or potassium compounds because the radius NH4+ ion (148 pm) is similar to that of K+ (133 pm) or Rb+ (148 pm). Both NO j and CO, have ionic radii (189 and 185 pm, respectively) that are very close to that of Cl- (181 pm), so many nitrates and carbonates have structures identical to the corresponding chloride compounds. Keep in mind that the structures shown so far are general types that are not necessarily restricted to binary compounds or the compounds from which they are named. 

Describe the system used to name Type III binary compounds (compounds of nonmetallic elements). Give several examples illustrating the method. How does this system differ from that used for ionic compounds How is the system for Type III compounds similar to those for ionic compounds ... 

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