White nails

Bismuth oxychloride [7787-59-9]—Cl Pigment White 14, Cl No. 77163. A synthetically prepared white or nearly white amorphous or finely crystalline, odorless powder consisting principally of BiOCl. Bismuth oxychloride is synthetic pearl essence. It is used in Upstick, nail poHsh, eye makeup, and other cosmetics to produce a lustrous, pearly effect. 

By comparison, achiral objects, such as a simple nail, ball, basket, white pocketless T-shirt, are all superimposible on their mirror image. 

Materials white construction paper, alcohol, nail polish remover, felt tip pens and markers, food coloring, small dish, small juice glasses or jar, toothpicks... 

Cathodic protection involves connecting a metal to be protected to another metal that is more easily oxidized. The more easily oxidized metal serves as the anode and the metal to be protected is the cathode in an electrochemical cell. The metal that is oxidized is called the sacrificial anode because it is sacrificed to protect another metal. Metals such as zinc and magnesium are often used to protect iron. Cathodic protection is demonstrated in this activity by using two steel nails. The nails are placed on a shallow dish. Using a white or light-colored dish displays the oxidation better [iron (III) oxide, Fe Oj, referred to commonly as rust is more visible on a light-... 

This formula can rescue the Yang from collapse and tonify the Qi. It is used to treat severe Yang deficiency of the Kidney, Spleen and Heart, and accumulations of cold in the body. The symptoms are extremely cold extremities, an exhausted state with a constant desire to sleep, vomiting, diarrhea with undigested food particles, abdominal pain and cold, severe chills, purple color of nails and lips, a pale tongue with a white coating, and a weak and deep pulse. 

Guanine is a crystalline amorphous substance that is found in guano, fish scales, and the liver of certain mammals. Guanine is responsible for the silvery iridescence of certain fish scales. Before its discovery, guanine was scraped from fish scales and used to coat beads to produce imitation pearls. Thus it was called pearl essence or pearly white in the 1700s. Guanine obtained from fish scales is used in cosmetics, especially for eye cosmetics and nail polishes. 

With potassium iron forms an alloy, which is white, malleable, and so soft as to take impressions from the nails of the hand, oxidising easily in the air. 

Jaundice (also called icterus) refers to the yellow color of skin, nail beds, and sclerae (whites of the eyes) caused by deposition of bilirubin, secondary to increased bilirubin levels in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia, Figure 21.10). Although not a disease, jaundice is usually a symptom of an underlying disorder. 

Thallium, atomic no. 81 This element is better known for its poisonous properties and links with almost undetected deaths and Agatha Christie -type murder mysteries.2 Thallium compounds are used in some countries as cheap insecticides, particularly for killing cockroaches. Intake of this element causes stomach pains, vomiting and nausea, painful soles and palms of hands, limb weakness, double vision, involuntary eye movements, hallucina tions, characteristic hair loss and white lines across the nails. The symptoms are often mis-diagnosed as other diseases. Treatment is with the chemical Prussian Blue... 

Leukonychia or white nails occur in chronic liver disease owing to the lack of albumin. It is not specific for liver disease and can also be present in renal failure, or may be congenital. 

Approximately 2 to 3 weeks after exposure to arsine Mee s lines (horizontal white lines of the nails) may be observed. 

ONYX — is a Gem which, according to Pliny, 1. 37, c. 6, is shaped like a nail or talon. There are many species, some having the colour of Chrysolith, some of Sand, some of jasper. Those of India are black, full of fire, hard, encircled by white veins, which give the whole stone the appearance of an eye. There are Arabian Onyxes which are also black, and have white bands, but they thin from the Indian forms. (See Pliny, 1. c.) We call the gem Sardonyx, from Sarda, which name has affinity with Onyx, and some say that the one stone is found in conjunction with the other. It is said further that Onyx in an erudition of a tree which hardens into a stone. When fire is applied to it, it emits a... 

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