N-Pentanol

Giustini M ef a/1996 Microstructure and dynamics of the water-in-oil CTAB/n-pentanol/n-hexane/water microemulsions a spectroscopic and conductivity study J. Phys. Chem. 100 3190... 

Cholesteryl myristate [1989-52-2] M 597.0. Crystd from n-pentanol. Purified by column chromatography with MeOH and evaporated to dryness. Recrystd and finally, dried in vacuum over P2O5. [Malanik and Malat Anal Chim Acta 76 464 1975]. 

They measured the distribution coefficient of n-pentanol between water and mixtures of -heptane and chloroheptane, -heptane and toluene, and n-heptane and heptyl acetate. The two phase system was thermostatted at 25°C and, after equilibrium had... 

Katz et al. tested the theory further and measured the distribution coefficient of n-pentanol between mixtures of carbon tetrachloride and toluene and pure water and mixtures of n-heptane and n-chloroheptane and pure water. The results they obtained are shown in Figure 17. The linear relationship between the distribution coefficient and the volume fraction of the respective solvent was again confirmed. It is seen that the distribution coefficient of -pentanol between water and pure carbon tetrachloride is about 2.2 and that an equivalent value for the distribution coefficient of n-pentanol was obtained between water and a mixture containing 82%v/v chloroheptane and 18%v/v of n-heptane. The experiment with toluene was repeated using a mixture of 82 %v/v chloroheptane and 18% n-heptane mixture in place of carbon tetrachloride which was, in fact, a ternary mixture comprising of toluene, chloroheptane and n-heptane. The chloroheptane and n-heptane was always in the ratio of 82/18 by volume to simulate the interactive character of carbon tetrachloride. 

Figure 17. Distribution Coefficients of n-Pentanol between Water and Two Binary and One Ternary Solvent Mixtures Plotted against Solvent Composition...

Katz et al. also plotted the distribution coefficient of n-pentanol, benzonitrile and vinyl acetate against the concentration of unassociated methanol in the solvent mixture and the results are shown in Figure 32. It is seen that the distribution coefficient of all three solutes is predominantly controlled by the amount of unassociated methanol in the aqueous solvent mixture. In addition, the distribution coefficient increases linearly with the concentration of unassociated methanol for all three solutes over the entire concentration range. The same type of curves for anisole and benzene, shown in Figure 33, however, differ considerably. Although the relationship between distribution coefficient and unassociated methanol concentration is approximately linear up to about 50%v/v of unassociated methanol, over the entire range the... 

Finally, reaction of primary, secondary, or tertiary alcohols 11 with Me3SiCl 14 in the presence of equivalent amounts of DMSO leads via 789 and 790 to the chloro compounds 791 [13]. n-Pentanol, benzyl alcohol, yS-phenylefhanol or tert-butanol are readily converted, after 10 min reaction time, into their chloro compounds, in 89-95% yield, yet cyclohexanol affords after reflux for 4 h cyclohexyl chloride 784 in only 6% yield [13] (Scheme 6.5). 1,4-Butanediol is cyclized to tetrahydrofuran (THF) [13a], whereas other primary alcohols are converted in 90-95% yield into formaldehyde acetals on heating with TCS 14 and DMSO in benzene [13b] (cf also the preparation of formaldehyde di(n-butyl)acetal 1280 in Section 8.2.1). 

Some of the solvent systems freqnently used include n-butanol, acetic acid, and water (BAW, 4 1 5), n-pentanol, acetic acid, and water (PAW, 2 1 1, acetic acid, concentrated HCl, and water (AHW, 25 3 72), and 1% aqneons HCl (water and concentrated HCl, 97 3). In general, anthocyanins with more glycosidic snbstitutions... 

The formation of Au nanoparticles can be easily monitored by following the appearance of a surface plasma resonance band around 520-540 nm (Fig. 6.1). Yeung et al. [33] observed that the efficiency of gold particle formation was different in different alcohols (n-pentanol > propan-2-ol > methanol). This is due to the air/water surface activity of the alcohols and the ability of the solute to scavenge the primary OH radicals at the bubble/liquid interface. 

The rate enhancement for the esterification of benzoic acid with methanol was close to 100, when compared with the classical heating under reflux. On the other hand, the rate enhancement for the esterification with n-pentanol, using the same power level (560 W) was only 1.3. The approximate reaction temperature was almost the same for the two alcohols (134 °C and 137 °C respectively). It should be noted, however, that the rate enhancement for the esterification in pentanol increased to 6 times when a higher power level (630 W) was used, the reaction temperature being higher (162 °C). 

Styrene (%v/v) n-Pentanol n-Hexanol n-Heptanol n-Octanol n-1 Decanol... 

The observed disaepancies in experimental results is most likely caused by the ions of the supporting electrolyte. For example, fluoride ions do not adsorb on the mercury electrode but adsorb on the silver electrode. The adsorption on the latter metal strongly depends on the face orientation.The sequence of AG° values forn-hexanol adsorption from Na2S04 and KCIO4 solutions is AC° [Ag(lll)] > AG° [Ag(lOO)] (see Table 3). However, the sequence of AG°s of n-pentanol adsorption from KF solution is just the opposite [Ag(l 10)] > AG° [Ag(l ll)]. The... 

In contrast to the above results, all three "picket fence" porphyrins are solubilized in an oil-in-water microemulsion to yield a clear solution having a Soret band at 419-421 nm resembling that of H2PF,TPro solubilized in micelles. In this case the microemulsion (composed of SDS, n-pentanol and dodecane) consists of oil "droplets" dissolved in bulk water the radius of the droplet has been estimated to be 37 A ( ), well over twice that estimated for an SDS micelle (16 A). Since the droplet in the microemulsion contains a much larger "interior", it is reasonable that it may be a better medium for solubilizing the porphyrin. 

Many reports are available where the cationic surfactant CTAB has been used to prepare gold nanoparticles [127-129]. Giustini et al. [130] have characterized the quaternary w/o micro emulsion of CTAB/n-pentanol/ n-hexane/water. Some salient features of CTAB/co-surfactant/alkane/water system are (1) formation of nearly spherical droplets in the L2 region (a liquid isotropic phase formed by disconnected aqueous domains dispersed in a continuous organic bulk) stabilized by a surfactant/co-surfactant interfacial film. (2) With an increase in water content, L2 is followed up to the water solubilization failure, without any transition to bicontinuous structure, and (3) at low Wo, the droplet radius is smaller than R° (spontaneous radius of curvature of the interfacial film) but when the droplet radius tends to become larger than R° (i.e., increasing Wo), the microemulsion phase separates into a Winsor II system. 

The behavior of the Cd(II)/Cd(Hg) system in the absence and presence of n-pentanol in noncomplexing media was analyzed using reciprocal derivative and double derivative chronoamperome-try with programmed current (RDCP and RDDCP respectively) [54]. The RDCP and RDDCP are very versatile in the determination of kinetic parameters of electrode processes. 

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