N-Deacetylase

Scheme 1.—Biosynthetic Transformations of the Nonsulfated Disaccharide Units of N-Acetylheparosan (1) to the Trisulfated Disaccharide Units (5) of the Regular Regions of Heparin, Through Sequential Action of N-Deacetylase - N-Sulfotransferase (a,b), Clycosyl-uronic C-5-Epimerase (c), and O-Sulfotransferases (d.e)." (C = D-glucuronic acid I = l-iduronic acid lu = L-iduronic acid 2-suIfate A a = 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose Ans 2 -deoxy-2-sulfoamino-D-glucose Ansds = 2-deoxy-2-suIfoamino-D-glucose 6-sulfate.)...

Heparan Sulfate GlcNAc N-deacetylase/N- GlcNAc NSTl Human U18918 [82]... 

T. Sueyoshi, Y. Kakuta, L. C. Pedersen, F. E. Wall, L. G. Pedersen, M. Negishi, A role of Lys614 in the sulfotransferase activity of human heparan sulfate N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase. FEBS Lett. 1998 433, 211-4. 

J. Dixon, S. K. Loftus, A. J. Gladwin, P. J. Scambler, J. J. Wasmuth, M. J. Dixon, Cloning of the human heparan sulfate-N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase gene from the Treacher Collins syndrome candidate region at 5q32-q33.1. Genomics 1995 26, 239-244. 

M. Kusche-Gullberg, I, Eriksson, D. S. Pikas, L. Kjellen, Identification and expression in mouse of two heparan sulfate glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase genes. J. Biol Chem. 1998 273, 11902-7. 

D. E. Humphries, J. Lanciotti, J. B. Karlinsky, cDNA cloning, genomic organization and chromosomal localization of human heparan glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulphotransferase-2. Biochem. J. 1998 332, 303-7. 

A. Orellana, C. B. Hirschberg, Z. Wei, S. J. Swiedler, M. Ishihara, Molecular cloning and expression of a glycosaminoglycan N-acetylglucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase from a heparin-producing cell line. J. Biol Chem. 1994 269, 2270-6. 

Eriksson, D. Sandback, B. Ek, U. Lindahl, L. Kjellen, cDNA cloning and sequencing of mouse mastocytoma glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase, an enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of heparin. J. Biol Chem. 1994 269, 10438-43. 

Fischle W, EmUiani S, Hendzel Ml, Nagase T, Nomura N, Voelter W, Verdin E (1999) A new family of human histone deacetylases related to Saccharomyces cerevisiae HDAlp. J Biol Chem 274(17) 11713-11720... 

S. M., and Eisenman, R. N., Histone deacetylase 6 binds polyubiquitin through its zinc finger (PAZ domain) and copurifies with deubiquitinating enzymes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Scl USA, 2002, 99, 13425. 

Davie JR (2003) Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate. J Nutr 133(7 Suppl) 2485S-2493S Detich N, Bovenzi V, Szyf M (2003) Valproate induces replication-independent active DNA demethy-lation. J Biol Chem 278(30) 27586-27592... 

Fischer DD, Cai R, Bhatia U, Asselberg FA, Song C, Terry R, Trogani N, Widmer R, Atadja P, Cohen D (2002) Isolation and charaterization of a novel class II histone deacetylase, HDAC 10. J Biol Chem 277(8) 6656-6666... 

Furumai R, Komatsu Y, Nishino N, Khochbin S, Yoshida M, Horinouchi S (2001) Potent histone deacetylase inhibitors built from trichostatin A and cyclic tetrapeptide antibiotics including trapoxin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 98(l) 87-92... 

Wang AH, Bertos NR, Vezmar M, Pelletier N, Crosato M, Heng HH, Th ng J, Han J, Yang XJ (1999) HDAC4, a human histone deacetylase related to yeast HDAl, is a transcriptional corepressor. Mol Cell Biol 19(ll) 7816-7827... 

Acetylation of internal lysine residues of core histone N-terminal domains has been found correlatively associated with gene transcription in eukaryotes for more than four decades. Histone acetylation levels are the result of a competition between two families of enzymes histone acetyltransferases (HATs) and histone deacetylases (HDACs). 

Skov S, Rieneck K, Bovin LE, Skak K, Toim-a S, Michelsen BK, Odum N (2003) Histone deacetylase inhibitors a new class of iimnimosuppressors targeting a novel signal pathway essential for CD154 expression. Blood 101 1430-1438... 

Histones of Plasmodium falciparum represent a new target for antimalarials. Apicidin [Cyclo (N-O-methyl-L-tryptophanyl-L-isoleucinyl-D-pipecolinyl-L-2-amino-oxodecanoyl] is a potent, broad spectrum antiprotozoal agent. The target of apicidin is Histone deacetylases HDA (Darkin Rattray et al., 1996), evidenced as hyperacetylation of histones in treated parasites. 

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