Musculoskeletal tissues

The musculoskeletal system consists of bones, blood vessels, nerves, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and cartilage, which work together to perform the structural and kinematic functions of the organism. These musculoskeletal tissues all have a composite structure of cells embedded in a matrix produced by the cells themselves. 

There are no pathology data indicating that PBBs produce effects in musculoskeletal tissues of animals. 

In the past decade Raman spectroscopy has assumed an important role in musculoskeletal tissue studies, especially in bone tissue studies. Applications to a wide range of problems in basic biology, biomechanics, and medicine have appeared in the journal literature. Most workers have used cell cultures or excised bone tissue, including human biopsy and cadaveric tissue. We expect that Raman spectroscopy will become increasingly important in such studies, as more life scientists and engineers learn how to employ it. Just as importantly, recent reports of non-invasive spectroscopy suggest that Raman spectroscopy may have a role in human subjects studies of bone development, function, and disease. 

Li WJ et al (2007) Engineering controllable anisotropy in electrospun biodegradable nanofibrous scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. J Biomech 40(8) 1686-1693... 

The development, aging, pathology, microstructure and compositional basis of the mechanical functioning of musculoskeletal tissue have been major application areas for vibrational spectroscopic imaging [16, 22]. For these applications, the... 

As mentioned above, a common approach to spectroscopic imaging of musculoskeletal tissue is to use band height or area ratios, after background subtraction. 

Only one study investigated musculoskeletal effects in animals. Histopathological examination of musculoskeletal tissues by light microscopy revealed no increase in the occurrence of non-neoplastic lesions following 78 weeks of oral 1,1,2-trichloroethane administration in com oil at doses of 46 or 92 mg/kg/day in rats and 195 or 390 mg/kg/day in mice (NC11978). NOAEL values for musculoskeletal effects in each species are recorded in Table 2-2 and plotted in Figure 2-2. 

T. Masuko, N. Iwasaki, S. Yamane, T. Funakoshi, T. Majima, A. Minami, et al., Chitosan-RGDSGGC conjugate as a scaffold material for musculoskeletal tissue engineering, Biomaterials 26 (2005) 5339-5347. 

Vandenburgh, H. High-content drug screening with engineered musculoskeletal tissues. Tissue Engineering Part B 16, 55-64 (2010)... 

Regenerative Engineering of Musculoskeletal Tissues and Interfaces (ISBN 978-I-78242-30I-0)... 

In our studies, the use of stem cells and miRNA has led to the effective regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues including ACL. The current and future objective is more effective and less invasive cell-based therapy with spatial control of transplanted cells by means of an external magnetic force. 

Varghese S, Elisseeff JH (2006) Hydrogels for musculoskeletal tissue engineering. In Polymers for regenerative medieine. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp 95-144... 

Anatomical and biomechanical factors account for the difference in injury patterns encountered between children and adults. This chapter will discuss the basic concepts of ultrasound, the normal appearance of the musculoskeletal tissues and the applications of ultrasound in paediatric musculoskeletal trauma. 

The repair and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues, particularly bone, where scaffolds need to have a high elastic modulus in order to provide temporary mechanical support without showing symptoms of fatigue or failure, to be retained in the space they were designated for and to provide the tissue with adequate space for growth, remains a demanding application. ... 

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