Muscle-specific expression

Gimona M, Herzog M, Vandekerckhove J, Small JV. Smooth muscle specific expression of calponin. FEES Lett. 1990 274 159-162. 

Herman, R. K. and Kari, C. K. (1985) Muscle-specific expression of a gene affecting acetylcholinesterase in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Cell. 40 509-514. 

Sirotkin, H., B. Morrow, R. DasGupta, R. Goldberg, S. R. Patanjali, G. Shi, L. Cannizzaro, R. Shprintzen, S. M Weissman, and R. Kucherlapati. (1996). Isolation of a new clathrin heavy chain gene with muscle-specific expression from the region commonly deleted in velo-cardio-fadal syndrome. Hum. Mol. Genet, Vol. 5, pp.617-624. 

NFAT2 plays a key role in the development of the embryo s heart. In the precursor cells, there is a temporal and spatial specific expression of NFAT2, which directs the formation of the valves and the septum in the heart. In the adult heart, NFAT proteins also cooperate with transcription factors of the GATA and MEF2 families to regulate cardiac muscle hypertrophic responses. 

Tissue-Specific Expression. In adult rodents, PPAR.a is expressed in liver, kidney, intestine, heart, skeletal muscle, retina, adrenal gland, and pancreas. In adult human, PPARa is expressed in the liver, heart, kidney, large intestine, skeletal muscle (mostly slow-twitch oxidative type I fibers), and in cells of atherosclerotic lesions (endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and monocytes/macrophages). Therefore, regardless of... 

Tissue-Specific Expression. In the adult rodent, PPARy is expressed in brown and white adipose tissue, and at lower levels in intestine, retina, skeletal muscle, and lymphoid organs. In human, PPARy is most abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue and at lower levels in skeletal muscle, the heart, and liver, but not in lymphoid tissues, although PPARy has been identified in macrophages in human atheromas. 

While the sequence of the human genome is known, the picture provided by genomics alone is both static and incomplete. Proteomics aims to identify the entire complement of proteins elaborated by a cell under diverse conditions. As genes are switched on and off, proteins are synthesized in particular cell types at specific times of growth or differentiation and in response to external stimuli. Muscle cells express proteins not expressed by neural cells, and the type of subunits present... 

Doege, H., et al. Characterization of human glucose transporter (GLUT) 11 (encoded by SLC2A11), a novel sugar-transport facilitator specifically expressed in heart and skeletal muscle. Biochem. J. 2001, 359, 443-449. 

The putative receptor for agrin is a RPTK known as muscle-specific kinase (MuSK). The extracellular domain of MuSK resembles that of the ROR family of RPTKs, while the kinase domain is similar to that of the Trk neurotrophic receptor (Fig. 24-6). MuSK is expressed at low concentrations in proliferating myoblasts and is induced... 

Figure 12.8 Model for general and cell-specific plasmid nuclear import. (A) SV40 enhancer-mediated nuclear import. Because the transcription factors bound by this DNA sequence are ubiquitously expressed, SV40 DNA localizes to the nuclei of all cell types (see Table 12.1). (B) Smooth muscle-specific plasmid nuclear import. Smooth muscle-specific transcription factors, including SRF among others, can bind to their target sites within the SMGA promoter carried on a plasmid and serve to transport the DNA to the nucleus via interactions with the NLS-mediated protein import machinery. Since these factors are not expressed in other cell types, no nuclear import will occur in non-smooth muscle cells.

Browning, C.L., Culberson, D.E., Aragon, I.V., Fillmore, R.A., Croissant, J.D., Schwartz, R.J. et al. (1998) The developmental regulated expression of serum response factor plays a key role in the control of smooth muscle-specific genes. Dev. Biol., 194, 18-37. 

Li, S., MacLaughlin, F.C., Fewell, J.G., Gondo, M., Wang, J., Nicol, F. et al. (2001) Muscle-specific enhancement of gene expression by incorporation of the SV40 enhancer in the expression plasmid. Gene Ther., 8, 494 197. 

Sorimachi, H., Imajoh, O.S., Emori, Y., Kawasaki, H., Ohno, S., Minami, Y., and Suzuki, K., 1989, Molecular cloning of a novel mammalian calcium-dependent protease distinct from both m- and mu-types. Specific expression of the mRNA in skeletal muscle, J. Biol. Chem., 264, 20106-20111... 

Fig. 2. (A) Analysis of human adult skeletal (HAS) and cardiac muscle (HAC) transcripts by an oligonucleotide array representing all 363 exons of the human titin gene. Left Comparison of results obtained with HAS (top) and HAC (bottom) transcripts reveals large blocks of exons that are only positive in skeletal muscle. Right Examples of constitutively expressed exons (exon 5 and 7), cardiac specific exons (11 and 49), and skeletal muscle specific exons (156 and 210). 5MM a 50mer from exon 5 including five base-pair mismatches as a control for hybridization...

G. Ferrari, G. Salvatori, C. Rossi, G. Cossu, and F. Mavilio, A retroviral vector containing a muscle-specific enhancer drives gene expression only in differentiated muscle fibers, Hum. Gene Ther. 6 733 (1995). 

N. Larochelle, H. Lochmuller, J. Zhao, A. Jani, P. Hallauer, K. E. Hastings, B. Massie, S. Prescott, B. J. Petrof, G. Karpati, and J. Nalbantoglu, Efficient muscle-specific transgene expression after adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in mice using a 1.35 kb muscle creatine kinase promoter/enhancer, Gene Ther. 4 465 (1997). 

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