Muscle exertion

After a stimulus, the force a muscle exerts increases that is, the force required to prevent a muscle from shortening increases. Thus, the force measured by a... 

Skeletal muscle, also known as striated muscle because of the microscopic appearance, is responsible for locomotion and those fine, voluntary movements of the body which are under conscious control. Smooth muscle exerts automatic, involuntary... 

The ensuing discussion will deal with that major category of receptors that are essentially components of cellular membranes. For example, the acetylcholine receptor involving skeletal muscles exerts its effect at the end of the motor nerve and its junction with the muscle (neuromuscular junction, see Chapter 7) by a depolarizing action. The fact that receptors are embedded in muscle cell membranes can be surmised by the fact that the contractile effect can be initiated by simply applying acetylcholine to the surface of the muscle preparation intracellular injection of the agonist produces no effect. A more interesting... 

Kroemer K.H.E. 1991. A taxonomy of dynamic muscle exertions. J. Hum. Muscle Perform. 1 1-4. 

Isokinetic A condition where the angular velocity is held constant. Kroemer (1991) prefers the term, isovelocity, to describe this type of muscle exertion. 

The assessment of function across various dimensions of performance (i.e., strength, speed, endurance, and coordination) has provided the basis for a rational approach to clinical assessment, rehabilitation strategies, and determination of return-to-work potential for injured employees (Kondraske, 1990). To understand the complex problem of trunk performance evaluation of LBP patients, the terminology of muscle exertion must first be defined. However, it should be noted that several excellent reviews on trunk muscle function have been carried out (Andersson, 1991 Beimborn and Morrissey, 1988 Newton and Waddell, 1993 Pope, 1992). I do not intend to reproduce this extensive literature here because my motive is to provide a critical analysis that will lead the reader toward an understanding of the future of... 

Avoid designs that will require device users to exert force all the time. Provide appropriate force-assist mechanisms as necessary to reduce the muscle exertion required to operate a device. 

In the reduction of pyruvate to lactate, isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase from pig heart and pig muscle exerted no kinetic deuterium isotope effect (Holbrook and Stinson, 1973). The results reveal that the process involving the movement of the hydrogen nucleus does not constitute the rate-determining step. Here, the isomerization of the substrate-NADH-enzyme ternary complex to an "active complex" is suggested to be the rate-determining step. The question of whether the "active complex" corresponds to a "charge transfer complex" or to a "conformationally distorted complex" remains unsolved. 

Kroemer K.H.E. 1991. A taxonomy of dynamic muscle exertions. J. Hum. Muscle Perform. 1 1—i. Mayhew TP. and Rothstein J.M. 1985. Measurement of muscle performance with instruments. In J.M. Rothstein (Ed.), MeasurementinPhysicaTTherapy,pp 57 102. New York, ChurchillLivingstone. Miller P.J. 1985. Assessment of joint motion. In J.M. Rothstein (Ed.), Measurement in Physical Therapy, pp. 103-136. New York, Churchill Livingstone. 

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