Multiplication loop design

A single, isothermal reactor design more reliably yields gypsum crystals than multiple-reactor designs with poorer temperature control [39]. This benefit has also been claimed for a two-vessel loop system. The effect of surfactants on crystallization of phosphogypsum has been examined [40]. Higher reactor circulation rates and increased agitation coupled with other refinements also improve acid recovery [41]. 

Bode diagram, 330-31, 334-37 frequency response, 323-24 interacting capacities, 197-200 noninteracting capacities, 194-96 pulse transfer function, 619 Multiple-input multiple-output system, 20 discrete-time model, 586 discrete transfer function, 612 input-output model, 83-85, 163-68 linearization, 121-26 transfer-function matrix, 164, 166 Multiple loop control systems, 394-409 Multiplexer, 560, 564 Multivariable control systems, 461-62 alternative configurations, 467-84 decoupling of loops, 503-8 design questions, 461-62 interaction of loops, 487-94 selection of loops, 494-503 Multivariable process (see Multiple-input multiple-output system)... 

Chapter 20. Chapter 6 of Shinskey s book [Ref. 3] is an excellent reference for multiple-loop control systems. It treats cascade, selective control loops, and adaptive systems. Besides the general treatment of each control configuration, it discusses the practical considerations guiding the selection and design of such control systems. In particular, it covers the following items which could attract the interest of the reader ... 

Fig. 14 Concept of biomimetic modular polymer design, (a) A small section of titin, which has 200-300 repeating immunoglobulin domains, (b) Design of modular polymer containing multiple loops held by secondary forces. Reprinted with permission from [69]. Copyright 2004 American Chemical Society...

Switched-capacitor circuits that realize the DT biquadratic transfer function of Eq. (7.224) are known in the literature as SC biquad. They are useful circuits to hlter designers because they form a fundamental building block for the construction of higher order hlters in the form of cascade or multiple-loop feedback topologies. In this section we will introduce a SC biquad that will be used later to realize higher order hlters. The SC circuit shown in Fig. 7.155 realizes the general discrete-time biquadratic transfer function (El-Masry, 1980)... 

Figure 5 (a) The design of a modular polymer containing multiple loops held together by secondaiy forces (b) Topologies for UPy... 

Design for rapid depressurization to allow water injection to be assisted by the use of relief or squib valves and multiple loops. 

For the postal environment, a monorail system is being developed to link islands of automation and to complement conventional conveyors and other transportation devices. This system is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The monorail system consists of multiple loops of rails and can be deployed in a modular manner. The carrier is designed to have the capability to run at different speeds to meet different load demands. 

One of the limiting casualty design event transients in a multiple loop system is a complete loss of electrical load for a Brayton, which leads to an increase in reactor power and flow and potential for... 

The only function of the voltage feedback loop is to hold the output voltage(s) at a constant value. Complications arise in areas such as transient load response, accuracy of the output(s), multiple outputs, and isolated outputs. All of these individually can be nightmares for the designer, but if the design approaches are understood then each factor can easily be satisfactorily addressed. 

Most devices are designed for a constant potential and, as a result, power is usually distributed to loads at constant potential. Two possible configurations for delivering a constant potential to multiple loads are illustrated in Figure 2-73. In the parallel circuit, the potential across the load decreases as the distance from the source increases. For the loop circuit, potentials are more nearly equal along the length of the circuit. 

Airlift loop reactor (ALR), basically a specially structured bubble column, has been widely used in chemical industry, biotechnology and environmental protection, due to its high efficiency in mixing, mass transfer, heat transfer etc [1]. In these processes, multiple reactions are commonly involved, in addition to their complicated aspects of mixing, mass transfer, and heat transfer. The interaction of all these obviously affects selectivity of the desired products [2]. It is, therefore, essential to develop efficient computational flow models to reveal more about such a complicated process and to facilitate design and scale up tasks of the reactor. However, in the past decades, most involved studies were usually carried out in air-water system and the assumed reactor constructions were oversimplified which kept itself far away from the real industrial conditions [3] [4]. 

The injector system is often of the loop type. Here the main solvent delivery tube to the column top is by-passed in a loop, which may be isolated and depressurised, and injected with sample via a septum. After injection the liquid in the loop is released into the main solvent flow. The loop volume is of comparable capacity to the injection volume. Most instruments are designed for autosampling in the case of multiple analyses, the operation being controlled by the instrument software. 

Autosampler—A multiple sample injector, usually with a rack or carousel to hold sample vials or a sample well plate, designed for unattended programmed operation in which a sample is loaded by either pushing or pulling sample into the loop injection loop with air or hydraulic pressure. 

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