Isothermal reactor design

As with isothermal reactor design, the optimization of superstructures for nonisothermal reactors can be carried out reliably, using simulated annealing. 

Two different isothermal reactors designed, not for kinetic measurements, but for the observation of equilibria by means of simultaneous spectroscopic and conductivity measurements were devised by two groups (Holdcroft and Plesch, 1985 Pask and Nuyken, 1983). The purpose of both was to observe how a binary ionogenic equilibrium of the type... 

The Heat Recycle Urea Process (HRUP) was developed by Urea Technologies in the 1970 s and is now offered by Monsanto Enviro-Chem. This process is shown in Figure 11.5. In this process ammonia, recycled carbamate and about 60% of the make-up CO2 feed are charged to the top of an open-ended reactor coil at 3200 psig (220 bar). Ammonium carbamate is formed within the coil, exits the coil at the bottom and flows up and around it. The exothermic heat of carbamate formation in the coil drives the endothermic dehydration of carbamate to urea on the outside of the coil. This isothermal reactor design allows the conversion rate to reach 77%. The reactor has a uniform temperature profile that eliminates corrosion in the bottom of the reactor112. 

All the reactions used thus far in this chapter have been ineversible reactions. The procedure one uses for the isothermal reactor design of reversible reactions is virtually the same as that for irreversible reactions, with one notable exception. First calculate the maximum conversion that can be achieved at the isothermal reaction temperature. This value is the equUibrium conversion. In the following example it will te shown how our algorithm for reactor design is etaily extended to reversible reactions. 

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