Multiple-child families

Whereas these factors encourage similarity of children to parents in most families, the force of these factors is greatly amplified when there is only one child, and this includes the first child until a second arrives. In the only child family, the boy or girl often feels less freedom to be different from parents than in a multiple-child family because... 

In multiple-child families, it is the arrival of the second child that often helps break the magical hold of child number one, who can experience a significant loss as maternal attention necessarily shifts to care for the new brother or sister. Without benefit of an additional child, however, a few mother/only child relationships can continue primarily attached throughout the boy s or girl s growing up. The special quality of the relationship remains unrivaled by the mother s husband or by significant relationships the older... 

Are there some children in multiple-child families who show many of the characteristics of being the only child ... 

Information from and about multiple sources—family, school, and peers—needs to be integrated in the assessment of the child. The use of rating scales described in Chapter 32 can help organize and quantify across settings the symptoms described by these informants. 

Having an only child, like having multiple children, is double-edged. Only child families have certain strengths, but also certain risks. 

Although parents and multiple children might subscribe to many of these statements about each other, they are not likely to do so with as much sense of obligation as parents and the only child. In some only child families, the sense of duty can seem almost contractual parents should provide and protect, and the only child should please and perform. 

A particular disorder might be described as "running in a family" if more than one person in the family has the condition. Some disorders that affect multiple family members are caused by gene mutations, which can be inherited (passed down from parent to child). Other conditions that appear to run in families are not inherited. Instead, environmental factors... 

A third principle of this chapter is that the assessment process in child psychiatry has unique challenges, including the use and consideration of multiple informants and the developmental level of the child. These challenges lead to the fourth principle, which is that successful treatment requires education and collaboration with the family and others involved with the child. Treatment of developmental neurobiology affects the environment that surrounds the child, and treatment of the surrounding environment in turn affects developmental neurobiology. This interaction implies that early and effective intervention can alter the developmental trajectory of a child with a mental disorder. 

A seven-month-old child "fell over" while crawling, and now presents with a swollen leg. At age one month, the infant has multiple fractures in various states of healing (right clavicle, right humerus, right radius). At age seven months, the infant has a fracture of a bowed femur, secondary to minor trauma (see x-ray below). The bones are thin, have few trabecula, and thin cortices. A careful family history ruled out nonaccidental trauma (child abuse) as a cause of the bone fractures. The child is most likely to have a defect in ... 

There are multiple ways in which the family and friends are involved in an outpatient drug rehabilitation program. Treatment includes individual and family counseling sessions held at a clinic, school, in family court, or another location in their community (e.g., a church or town hall). During these sessions parents learn how they can help with the process of staying clean. Their parenting skills are examined by counselors to make sure that they are not one of the sources of the problem and that they understand what s involved in reestablishing mutual trust with their child.40... 

Although planning to have multiple children, a couple may be medically informed that one is all they can hope to conceive, and perhaps not without risk. Stopped short of having the larger family they wanted, one child becomes the only chance at parenting they get, the focus of all their... 

For both SNP and CNV data, data quality can be improved if we have data available from multiple individuals in the same family through checking the consistency of called genotypes across all family members. MendeUan inheritance can be checked for each marker to identify markers not consistent with Mendelian inheritance. For example, if the genotypes of the parents and their child are 11, 12, and 22, then... 

Let s say the probability of having a boy is 0.50. Using the Multiplication Rule, find the probability that a family s first and second children are boys. What is the probability that the first child is a boy and the second child is a girl ... 

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