Multinuclear nuclear magnetic

Feio, G., Burrows, H.D., Geraldes, C.F.G.C. and Pinheiro, TJ.T. (1993) Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance studies of lead (II) soaps. 3. Studies on the liquid-phase with reference to the behaviour of the corresponding acids./. Chem. Soc. Farad. Trans., 89, 3117-3122. 

Gupta RK, Dowd TL, Spitzer A, Barac-Nieto M 23Na, 19F, 35CI and 31P multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance studies of perfused rat kidney. Ren Physiol Biochem. 12 144-160,1989... 

Includes multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, and mass spectrometry... 

Multinuclear Nuclear Magnetic Resonance has become an important analytical tool in determining the intermediates and products of catalytic reactions in zeolites. It is also useful in exploring the local structure and dynamics in the vicinity of a variety of nuclei in both the zeolite fiumework and the adsorption... 

T. Schaller et al., Huotine in sriicate glasses a multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance study. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 56(2), 701-707 (1992)... 

In situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy of the reaction mixture, at a pressure and temperature close to that of the actual catalytic process, indicates [MCCO) ]" (M = Rh or Ir) to be the resting state of the catalyst. However, by varying the conditions under which IR and multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra are recorded, most of the catalj4ic intermediates can be observed. 

Because 53 and 53 are diastereomers, they have slightly different thermodynamic stabilities. In solution, both the isomers can be seen by in situ multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) (see Section 3.2.4), including proton-decoupled Rh, P heteronuclear multiple-quantum correlation (HMQC) 2D NMR spectroscopy. 

Bryden C. C., C. N. ReiUey, J. F. Desreux, Multinuclear nuclear magnetic resonance study of three aqueous lanthanide shift reagents complexes with EDTA and axially symmetric macro-cyclic polyamino polyacetate ligands. Anal. Chem. 53, 1418—1425 (1981). 

The objective of this study is to characterize tin-containing polymers on a molecular level by means of high field, high resolution, multinuclear Fourier Transform Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (FT-NMR) (4 ). This study is generally an applied approach dealing with composition and configuration of specific formulations of the copolymer. 

The synthesis of the complex is followed by the most important step of characterization of the complex. The composition and the structural features of both the ligand and complex have to be established before embarking on further studies. There exist many methods by which the composition and structural features of the complexes are studied. Some of the methods are (i) elemental analysis, (ii) X-ray crystallography, (iii) UV-Vis absorption spectra, (iv) infrared spectroscopy, (v) Raman spectroscopy, (vi) thermal methods of analysis such as thermogravimetry, differential thermal analysis, (vii) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (proton, multinuclear), (viii) electrospray mass spectrometry. Depending upon the complexity of the system, some or all the methods are used in the studies of complexes. 

Up to about the 1960 s, elemental analysis coupled with absorption spectra and infrared spectra and X-ray crystallography were the primary methods used in the studies of complexes. Later on with the developments in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, especially multinuclear NMR, this technique has been invariably used in the studies of structural features of lanthanide complexes. To illustrate these points some references to literature are herein pointed out. The studies on the rare earth 1,3-diketonates, where 1,3-diketones are acetyl acetone, benzoyl acetone, dibenzoyl methane and 2-thienoyl tri-fluoroacetone totally relied on elemental analysis, UV-Vis and IR spectra to establish the nature of the complexes [89]. The important role played by X-ray crystallography in the elucidation of the structures of lanthanide complexes has been extensively discussed in Chapter 5 and the use of this technique goes as far back as the 1960 s. Nevertheless it continues to play a major role in the studies of lanthanide complexes. 

Mackenzie KJD, Smith ME (2001) Multinuclear Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Inorganic Materials (Pergamon Material Science) Pergamon Press, Oxford, 2002... 

New complexes of the type [(P-P)Pt(C6F5)(H2O)]+ (P-P = diphosphine) were synthesized according to the route indicated in Fig. 2.1 and were characterized by elemental analysis, multinuclear H, " PI H, and " F H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy [27]. The synthetic pathway is very flexible, allowing the preparation of homologous complexes with a wide variety of diphosphine ligands. These are all commercially available except 2g which was prepared following a procedure reported in the literature [34]. 

Azo dyes of the common formula X—N=N—Y represent a very important class of dyestuffs,1 with more than 50% of commercial dyestuffs based on this type of compound. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, especially in its multinuclear form, is a powerful technique for the characterization of such compounds and also for the description of azo-hydrazone tautomerism, a property which is indivisibly linked with this group of dyes. This chapter reports on high-resolution lH, 13C, 14N, 15N, nO, 19F and 31P NMR spectra of azo dyestuffs measured in solutions. 

Summary. We describe the design, constroction, and operation of two types of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sample probes for use in electrocatalysis/surface NMR studies. The first is an electrochemical NMR cell, which permits observation of NMR signals of surface-adsorbed species under external potential control. This cell also permits conventional voltammograms to be recorded fi-om the actual NMR sample. The second or mini-cell has a long, thin sample region and better sensitivity than the electrochemical NMR cell, but is not capable of voltammetry. Spectra have been obtained for CO, CN and adsorbed on polycrystalline platinum black, as a fimction of applied potential, demonstrating the feasibility of multinuclear NMR studies at electrified interfaces. 

Multinuclear solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been applied to study the interaction of pyrrole with extra framework compensating cations in zeolites LiNaY and LiNaX. Upon adsorption over zeolite LiNaY, Na and Li cations migrate towards accessible positions in the supercage to interact with one molecule of pyrrole. The adsorption over zeolite LiNaX decreases the mobility of SIIT Na cations, while pyrrole molecules do not interact with Li" cations. At lower loading, pyrrole adsorbs over more basic sites, which are associated with Na cations in zeolite LiNaY. 

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