Multilayers construction

Table 17.2 summarizes typical saturation GMR results for electrochemically deposited Ni/Cu, CoNi/Cu (12), and Co/Cu multilayered constructs. Obviously, the highest GMR effects shown are by the Co/Cu system. 

As the size of a forged vessel increases, the sizes of ingot and handling equipment become larger. The cost may increase faster than the weight. The problems of getting sound material and avoiding brittle fracture also become more diiiicult. Some of these problems are avoided by use of multilayer construction. In this type of vessel, the... 

Tsuruoka T, Akamatsu K, Nawafune H (2004) Synthesis, surface modification, and multilayer construction of mixed-monolayer-protected CdS nanoparticles. Langmuir 20 11169-11174... 

Figure 12.3 A more realistic depiction of the hydrodynamic focusing mixer used for time-resolved SAXS studies. This figure, adapted from Lisa Kwok s thesis (Ph.D. Cornell), illustrates the multilayer construction of the mixing device.

Fig. 5.26 Multilayer ceramic thermal conduction module (a) underside showing connector pads - substrate size 90 x 90 x 6 mm (b) multilayer construction (c) silicon chip mounting positions (d) schematic diagram illustrating buried interconnections (e) thermal conduction module. (Courtesy of IBM Corp., East Fishkill.)...

Reactors are multilayer constructions, e.g. produced by to the Schierenbeck process... 

The best way for the reader to learn is to study actual examples of parts made by the blow molding of fluoropolymers. A majority of such parts have a multilayer construction to combine the properties of other plastics in a composite structure. The most common technique for producing multilayer sheet/film is coextrusion. The chemical resistance of fluoropolymers makes them attractive materials for inner layers of containers that come in contact with aggressive chemicals that can swell or degrade thermoplastics. 

Bags made of woven fabric do not generally provide sufficient containment for liquid products, so such bags often incorporate a film liner. Polyethylene is used most often, but aluminum foil or PVDC copolymers can be used to provide improved barrier ability. The liner may be a single material, or have a multilayer construction. Alternatively, the bags can be coated with PVC or latex to make them waterproof. Liners can also be used in bags for solid products. Often the liner is designed to be disposable to facilitate reuse of the bag. 

Tsuruoka, T., Akamatsu, K. and Nawafune, H. (2004) Synthesis, Surface Modification, and Multilayer Construction of Mixed-monolayer-protected CdS Nanoparticles. Langm., 20,11169-74. 

Watanabe S, Regen SL. 1994. Dendrimers as building blocks for multilayer construction. 

A related approach for redudng the cost and amount of FR overall may be to consider the effectiveness of overmolding a nonFR material with a layer of FR resin, or to use other multilayer constructions, composed of both FR and nonFR-containing resins [5-28]. 

Sun, Y., Yan, F., Yang, W., Sun, C., 2006. Multilayered construction of glucose oxidase and silica nanoparticles on Au electrodes based on layer-bylayer covalent attachment. Biomaterials 27, 4042. 

Usually the standard firefighters turnout gear or coat comprises a multilayer construction with a durable fire retardant outer shell fabric, of which the outer shell may... 

In order to tap the commercial applications of LCP in packaging, processing must achieve efficient use of the high-performance polymer. There are many high value polymers and other materials that are used in thin layers. A prime example is ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH), a super barrier material used as a thin layer in coextruded film and multilayer containers such as ketchup bottles. Other examples are coatings, such as metal, glass, and polymeric coatings. LCP used in thin multilayer constructions should compete well with these other materials. 

S. Watanabe, S.L. Regen, Dendrimers as Building Blocks for Multilayer Construction, Journal of the American Chemical Society 116, 8855. 

We have described thiol derivatives with photo-functionalities and presented schematic illustrations of the photoelec-trochemicaUy active SAMs and multilayers constructed on the electrode surfaces as many as possible in this section. However, since there are a large number of studies on wide range of photoactive alkylthiol SAM-modified electrodes, we cannot review all the important subjects in this section such as photo-patterning [152-156] and nonlinear optical properties [157,158]. Instead we have listed many references for the interested readers. 

Exterior Applications. Because of the excellent uv resistance of polyarylates, end use is foimd in such outdoor applications as glazing, skylights, and transparent panels. Polyarylates can be used alone or in multilayer constructions with other polymers. Properties such as transparency, impact and heat resistance, and low haze levels after long-term exposure have suited this resin for use in globes and other lighting components. 

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