Multilayer organic light emitting diodes

Figure 4.8 Schematic representation some of the elements of a generalised multilayer organic light-emitting diode (OLED) with direct addressing. The thin metallic cathode segments are connected directly to the electron-transport layer (ETL). The impermeable encapsulation is not shown.

Dinh, N. N. Chi L. H., Thuy, T.T.C Trung T.Q. Vo, Van Truong. (2009). Enhancement of current, voltage characteristics of multilayer organic light emitting diodes by using nanostructured composite films,. Appl. Phys. 105, pp. 093518-1+ 093518-7. 

Camphell, I.H., M.D. Joswick, and I.D. Parker. 1995. Direct measurement of the internal electric field distribution in a multilayer organic light-emitting diode. Appl Phys Lett 67 3171—3173. 

Kalinowski, J., Dimarco, F, Cocchi, M., Fattori, V, Camaioni, N., and Duif, J., Voltage-tunable color multilayer organic light-emitting diode, AppL Phys. Lett., 68, 2317-2319 (1996). 

Suzuki, H., and Hoshino, S., Behavior of charge-carriers and excitons in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes made from a polysilane polymer as monitored with electroluminescence, J. Appl. Phys., 79, 858-865 (1996). 

KOE 07] Koehnen A., Gather M.C., Riegel N. et al, Enhanced efficiency of multilayer organic light-emitting diodes with a low-refractive index hole-transport layer an effect of improved outcoupling . Applied Physics Letters, vol. 91, no. 11, no. 113501, 2007. 

MA 09] Ma B., Kim B.J., Poulsen D.A. et o/., Multifunctional crosslinkable iridium complexes as hole transporting/electron blocking and emitting materials for solution-processed multilayer organic light-emitting diodes . Advanced Functional Materials, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 1024-1031, 2009. 

Fabrication of solution-processed multilayered organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) from oxetane-ftinctionalized precursors, which are commonly photochemically cross-linked by UV radiation in the presence of a photoinitiator, has been reported recently. The reaction proceeds via CROP. Insoluble cross-linked polymer networks were obtained using precursors that contain two or more oxetane units per molecule. This novel approach simplifies OLED fabrication, and is generally compatible with various deposition/printing techniques. 

Ruhstaller, B., Carter, S.A., Barth, S., Riel, H Riess, W, and Scott, J.C. (2001) Transient and steady-state behavior of space charges in multilayer organic light-emitting diodes. J. Appl. Phys., 89,4575. 

Contoret, A.E.A., et al. The photopolymerization and cross-linking of electroluminescent liquid crystals containing methacrylate and diene photopolymerizable end groups for multilayer organic light-emitting diodes. Chem. Mater. 14(4), 1477-1487 (2002)... 

O. Renault, O.V. Salata, M. Etchells, P.J. Dobson, and V. Christou, A low reflectivity multilayer cathode for organic light-emitting diodes, Thin Solid Films, 379 195-198, 2000. 

Several articles have addressed the possibility of using dendritic molecules as electroluminescent materials in organic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) [140-148]. For example, compound 70 works as an excellent hole transport material, and has been incorporated into multilayer devices that exhibit high luminance efficiency and significant thermal stability [140, 141, 144],... 

Katsuma and Shirota have synthesized several dendrimers that contain multiple phenylamine moieties and investigated their potential use as components of organic light-emitting diode (LEDs). They found that these materials were well suited for use in the hole-transport layer of multilayer LEDs, exhibiting comparable performance to previously utilized materials [lOlj. 

YOU 09] You J.-D., Tseng S.-R., Meng H.-F. etal, All-solution-processed blue small molecular organic light-emitting diodes with multilayer device structme . Organic Electronics, vol. 10, no. 8, pp. 1610-1614,2009. 

Tang CW, VanSlyke SA (1987) Organic electroluminescent diodes. Appl Phys Lett 51 913 Sun T, Wang ZL, Shi ZJ et al (2010) Multilayered graphene used as anode of organic light emitting devices. Appl Phys Lett 96 133301... 

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