Multilayer organic electroluminescent devices

Y. Kuwabara, H. Ogawa, H. Inada, N. Noma, and Y. Shirota, Thermally stable multilayered organic electroluminescent devices using novel starburst molecules, 4,4, 4"-tri(A-carbazolyl)... 

K Imai, (1994). Multilayered organic electroluminescent device using a novel starburst molecule, 4,4, 4 -tiis(3-methylphenylphenylamino)triphenylamine, as a hole transport mateiiaL Appl. Phys. Lett., VoL 65, No. 7, pp. 807-809. 

J. Kido, M. Kimura, and K. Nagai, Multilayer white light emitting organic electroluminescent device, Science, 267 1332-1334 (1995). 

VI. Electrical Excitation Multilayer Structures for Organic Electroluminescent Devices... 

VI. ELECTRICAL EXCITATION MULTILAYER STRUCTURES FOR ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES... 

Organic electroluminescent devices have been the subject of intense research for almost a decade. These organic molecule-based devices use a multilayer cell structure composed of emitted layers and carrier transport layers as shown by Tang et al. [264-5]. The next advance in these devices was the construction of a three-layer cell by Adachi et al. [266] in which the emitter layer was sandwiched between a hole transport layer and an electron transport layer in the belief that these layers would increase electroluminescent efficiency. The device has the type of constmction shown in Figure 12.25. Adachi et al. reported that with a 500 A° emitter thickness, the luminescence was 1000 Cd cm. ... 

Tang CW, VanSlyke SA (1987) Organic electroluminescent diodes. Appl Phys Lett 51 913 Sun T, Wang ZL, Shi ZJ et al (2010) Multilayered graphene used as anode of organic light emitting devices. Appl Phys Lett 96 133301... 

Since the breakthrough made by Tang and VanSlyke, who introduced the thin multilayer cell configuration74, the organic electroluminescent (EL) device represents one of the most promising technologies for display materials75. Considerable effort has been devoted to... 

The thickness of the organic layer or, in multilayer devices, of the organic layers, is as a rule in the range between 10 and a few 100 nanometers. The electrooptics of organic devices is thus also a nanotechnology. The optimisation of the contacts and the layer thicknesses is - along with the intrinsic materials parameters - of central importance for the efficiency of the devices, i.e. for the luminous yield of electroluminescent devices or for the electric power of photovoltaic cells. The devices must therefore be optimised by both controlled variation of the layers and layer thicknesses and by comparison with simulations. 

Adachi, C., Tsutsui, T., and Saito, S., Electroluminescence mechanism of organic multilayer thin film devices, Optoelectron. Devices Tech., 6, 25-36 (1991). 

---