Multielectrode arrays

Various types of multielectrode arrays can be employed. For example, potentio-metric electrode arrays exploit die fact that ion-selective electrodes respond to some degree to a range of ions (85-87). The first potentiometric array was described by Otto and Thomas (85). Diamond and co-workers have illustrated the utility of an array comprising of three highly selective electrodes and one sparingly selective electrode (87). Arrays of highly selective potentiometric electrodes can also be... 

Such a use of electrochemical sensing assay for dsDNA/ssDNA can decrease the assay time and cost of screening for any DNA fragment. While the concept has been demonstrated in connection with different types of calf thymus DNA, the further improvements may be achieved by using several DNA probes from different regions of specific sequences related to inherited or infectious diseases, in connection with multielectrode array and multiple hybridization events. 

The use of multielectrode arrays takes advantage of the partial selectivity of an individual electrode, by combining several electrodes and examining the... 

Figure 4 Electrically evoked single-unit tactile responses recorded with microwire multielectrode arrays in rat hippocampus CA1, primary somatosensory cortex, and ventral posteromedial nucleus brain regions. (Upper) Raster plot of single-unit spikes before and after electrical current stimulation to whiskers. Each row is a separate trial. (Lower) Summed activity for all trials in 1-ms bins that demonstrate a response to electrical stimulation. The graphs show different latencies in firing for the three different regions. [Data reprinted from Ref. (1 3). Copyright (2007) National Academy of Sciences, U.S.]...

Gross GW, Rhoades BK, Azzazy HM, Wu MC. The use of neuronal networks on multielectrode arrays as biosensors. Biosens Bioelectron 1995 10 553-67. 

Simon, U. Sanders, D. Jockel, J. Heppel, C. Brinz, T., Design strategies for multielectrode arrays applicable for high-throughput impedance spectroscopy on novel gas sensor materials, J. Comb. Chem. 2002, 4, 511-515... 

Improvement of electrical stimulation protocol for simultaneous measurement of extracellular potential with on-chip multielectrode array system. Jpn J Appl Phys 51(6) 06FK02... 

Fig. 5 Primary rat cortical neuronal cultures at 6 DIV cultured on multielectrode arrays...

Multielectrode array (MEA) Field potential duration (FPD) taken from hiPSC-CMs in vitro correlates with the QT interval in an ECG (Fig. 9.5). FPD was prolonged by I /hERG blockers, whereas it was shortened by an 1 blocker, indicating that these ion current components contribute to FPD in hiPSC-CMs (Braam etal., 2013 Harris et al., 2013 Navarrete et al., 2013). 

FIGURE 9.5 Schematic drawing of the relationship between cardiac action potential duration (APD) and the duration of the QT interval on the surface electrocardiogram (ECG) or the field potential duration from multielectrode array (MEA) recordings (top three parts of the figure) lower panel shows a schematic of the relationship between the calcium transient, APD, and contraction on hiPSC-CMs. 

Berdichevsky Y, Sabolek H, Levine JB, Staley KJ, Yarmush ML (2009) Microfluidics and multielectrode array-compatible organotypic sbce culture method. JNeurosci Methods 178 59-64. 

APD, action potential duration ARVD/C, arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy CM, cardiomyocyte CPVT, catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia DAD, delayed after depolarizations DCM, dilated cardiomyopathy EAD, early after depolarization HCM, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 1 rectifier potassium current 1, sodium current MEA, multielectrode array TNNT2, troponin T type 2. 

MEA multielectrode array QSAR quantitative structure-activity relationship... 

Barak S, Weiner I (2011) Putative cognitive enhancers in preclinical models related to schizophrenia the search for an elusive target. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 99 164-189 Berdichevsky Y, Sabolek H, Levine JB, Staley KJ, Yarmush ML (2009) Microfluidics and multielectrode array-compatible organotypic slice culture method. J Neurosci Methods 178 59-64... 

Figure 10.3. Voltammetry with a multielectrode array. Each electrode is controlled by its own potentiostat...

The use of multielectrode array systems (CMAS) for corrosion monitoring is relatively new. The advantages of using multiple electrodes include the ability to obtain greater statistical sampling of current fluctuations, a greater ratio of cathode-to-anode areas in order to enhance the growth of localized corrosion once initiated. CMAS also provide the ability to estimate the pit penetration rate and obtain macroscopic spatial distribution of localized corrosion [25]. 

Figure 5.38 Multielectrode array multiplexed current and/or potential measurement (adapted from [26]).

Yang L, Sridhar N, Pensado O, Dunn DS. An in-situ galvanically coupled multielectrode array sensor for localized corrosion. Corrosion 2002 58 1004—14. 

---