Multi-walled nanotube

Early transport measurements on individual multi-wall nanotubes [187] were carried out on nanotubes with too large an outer diameter to be sensitive to ID quantum effects. Furthermore, contributions from the inner constituent shells which may not make electrical contact with the current source complicate the interpretation of the transport results, and in some cases the measurements were not made at low enough temperatures to be sensitive to 1D effects. Early transport measurements on multiple ropes (arrays) of single-wall armchair carbon nanotubes [188], addressed general issues such as the temperature dependence of the resistivity of nanotube bundles, each containing many single-wall nanotubes with a distribution of diameters d/ and chiral angles 6. Their results confirmed the theoretical prediction that many of the individual nanotubes are metallic. 

The birth of the field of carbon nanotubes is marked by the publication by lijima of the observation of multi-walled nanotubes with outer diameters as small as 55 A, and inner diameters as small as 23 A, and a nanotube consisting of only two coaxial cylinders [2]. This paper was important in making the connection between carbon fullerenes, which are quantum dots, with carbon nanotubes, which are quantum wires. FurtheiTnore this seminal paper [2] has stimulated extensive theoretical and experimental research for the past five years and has led to the creation of a rapidly developing research field. 

Jia, G. et al. (2005) Cytotoxicity of carbon nanomaterials single-wall nanotube, multi-wall nanotube, and fullerene. Environmental Science and Technology,... 

Since their first discovery by Iijima in 1991 [1], carbon nanotubes have attracted a great deal of interest due to their very exciting properties. Their structure is characterized by cylindrically shaped enclosed graphene layers that can form co-axially stacked multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) or single-walled nanotubes (SWNTs). Like in graphite, carbon atoms are strongly bonded to each other in the curved honeycomb network but have much weaker Van der Waals-type interaction with carbons belonging to... 

Lee, Y.-W., R. Deshpande, A.C. Dillon, M.J. Heben, H. Dai, B.M. Clemens, The role of metal catalyst in near ambient hydrogen adsorption on multi-walled nanotubes. Mat. Res. Soc. Proc. 2004. 

Colomer, J.-F., P. Piedigrosso, I. Wilems, C. Journet, P. Bernier, G. Van Tendeloo, A. Fonseca, J.B. Nagy, Purification of catalytically produced multi-wall nanotubes.. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 94,3753,1998. 

Abbreviations PDT, Photodynamic therapy EPR, Enhanced permeability and retention IHF, Tetrahydrofuran UV, Ultraviolet DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid PL, Photoluminescence SWNT, Single-walled nanotube DWNT, Double-walled nanotube MWNT, Multi-walled nanotube IV, Intravenous HSP, Heat shock protein ... 

Carbon nanotubes can have one, two, or many sidewalls and are referred to as single-, double-, or multi-walled nanotubes (SWNT, DWNT, or MWNT). Nanotubes can be metallic, or semi-conducting depending on the chirality of the tube. Single-walled nanotubes (SWNT) are about 1 nm in diameter, and hundreds of nanometers long, whereas multi-walled nanotubes (MWNT) are like nested... 

Torti S, Byrne F, Whelan O, Levi N, Ucer B, Schmid M, Torti F, Akman S, Liu J, Ajayan P, Nalamasu O, Carroll D (2007) Thermal ablation therapeutics based on CNx multi-walled nanotubes. International Journal of Nanomedicine 2(4) 707-714. 

The filler route has proved to be very efficient to obtain isotropic composites with relatively large improvements in matrix properties at small mass (volume) fractions of nanocarbon. For example, electrical percolation in epoxy has been obtained with only 0.0025 wt% of multi-wall nanotubes (MWNTs) [12]. Similarly, a 2.7-fold increase in matrix modulus has been observed on addition of 0.6 vol% MWNTs to polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) [13]. Although more modest compared to the previous two examples, a... 

SWNTs single-walled nanotubes DWNTs double-waUed nanotubes MWNTs multi-walled nanotubes CNTs carbon nanotubes not purified... 

Figure 29. Fiuman osteoblast-like MG 63 cells in cultures on material surfaces modified with carbon nanoparticles. A fullerene Cgo layers deposited on carbon fibre-reinforced carbon composites (CFRC), B fullerene C o layers deposited on microscopic glass coverslips, C terpolymer of polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluoride and polypropylene, mixed with 4% of single-wall carbon nanohorns, D the same terpolymer with high crystalline electric arc multi-wall nanotubes, E diamond layer with hierarchically organized micro- and nanostmcture deposited on a Si substrate, F nanocrystalline diamond layer on a Si substrate. Standard control cell culture substrates were represented by a PS culture dish (G) and microscopic glass coverslip (FI). Immunofluorescence staining on day 2 (A) or 3 (B-Fl) after seeding, Olympus epifluorescence microscope IX 50, digital camera DP 70, obj. 20x, bar 100 pm (A, C, D, G,H)or 200 pm (B, E, F) [16].

The growth of such structures is possible only from a gas phase and probably occurs as a result of dehydropolymerisation (polycondensation) [4,11 ]. Under more harsh reaction conditions multi-walled nanotubes grow as a loop on ceramic reactor walls (Fig. 3.4). We suggest that the benzene molecule could be the main fragment in the graphene network formation. At temperatures >600°C benzene rapidly undergoes dehydrogenation followed by diphenyl formation that can be considered... 

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