Kinematical model

A.P. Dowling. A kinematic model of a ducted flame.. Fluid Mech., 394 51-72,1999. 

Model 3 is a plate kinematic model. The retreat of a back-arc plate forms a back-arc basin (Dewey, 1980). 

Model 4 is also a plate kinematic model. The retreat of a fore arc plate forms a back-arc basin. This model seems attractive. Jackson et al. (1975) found the periodicities of rotational motions of the Pacific plate. When the direction of the Pacific plate changed and obliquely subducted, the compressional force of oceanic plate to continental plate decreases. That means that the retreat of fore arc plate occurs. 

John von Neumann constructed several models (originally known as kinematic models ) with the goal of incorporating the logical core of self-production into the system. Others studied von Neumann s model and modified it, for example, Walter Fontana, who devised the AlChemy (Algorithmic Chemistry) system. This can be described as artificial chemistry, an evolution reactor in which the objects which react are not molecules but mathematical functions. 

Two types of reactive collisions are considered in the kinematic models the collision complex and the direct interaction. The complex model visualizes the... 

The most satisfactory treatment of the reactions of interest in this chapter is in terms of classical trajectories on potential energy surfaces. They provide a detailed consideration of the reactive interaction (for which the kinematic models are limiting cases7), and provide ample scope for the theoretician to apply his intuition in explaining reactive molecular collisions. Reactions are naturally divided into those which take place on a single surface, usually leading to vibrational excitation, and those which involve two or more surfaces, often leading to electronic excitation. 

Doglioni C (1991) A proposal for the kinematic modelling of W-dipping subdue-tion possible applications to the Tyrrhenian-Appennines system. Terra Nova 3 423-434... 

Nedderman, R. M. and Ttiztin, U. (1979). A Kinematic Model for the Flow of Granular Materials. 

The kinematic model that is used to interpret the results of the molecular dynamics simulations has been validated by comparison to exact dynamical calculations for collisions of the isolated reactants, at high energies. The model assumes that the transition from reactants to products occurs in a sudden like manner up to a given configuration the motion is that of the unperturbed reactants beyond that configuration it is that of the final, free, products. 

In this section we were concentrated on the reactive system and on the energetic requirements for high reactivity. The kinematic model interprets the energy requirements and energy disposal necessary for higher yield of the four-center reactions. In the next section we discuss the role of the cluster with respect to these points. 

N2O molecules are also formed in the case of a single N2/O2 pair (cf Fig. 19), but are short lived due to a high internal excitation, as the kinematic model predicts. When such a molecule is formed in a cluster containing several N2/O2, the reverse reaction, N2O -b O —2NO, can take place, during the expansion stage of the cluster, as illustrated in Fig. 21. 

Fig. 22. The number of old and new bonds vs. time (in fs) during a collision of (02)7(N2)7Ne97 cluster at an Impact velocity of 12 km s . There are 14 bonds at the beginning. During the compression stage, many atoms interact simultaneously and the total number of bonds reach a maximum value of 20 bonds at 86 fs and at 104 fe. A long period after the impact, 8 hot new bonds are formed. Note the oscillations of the number of new bonds at the end of the trajectory, which is an indication of highly vibrationally excited products, as the kinematic model predicts.

Batt G. E., Brandon M. T., Farley K. A., and Roden-Tice M. (2001) Tectonic synthesis of the Olympic Mountains segment of the Cascadia wedge, using two-dimensional thermal and kinematic modeling of thermochronological ages. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 106(B 11), 26731 - 26746. 

Charbeneau, R.J. 1984. Kinematic models for soil moisture and solute transport. Water Resour. Res. 20 699-706. 

Kinematic Modeling of Multiphase Solute Transport in the Vadose Zone... 

R. Ikota, N. Ishimura, and T. Yamaguchi. On the structure of steady solutions for the kinematic model of spiral waves in excitable media. Japan J. Ind. Appl. Math., 15(2) 317-330, 1998. 

Resonant drift of a spiral wave is a displacement of the spiral wave center induced by a periodic modulation of the medium excitability. This phenomenon has been predicted for a kinematical model of weakly excitable media [14], confirmed experimentally as well as in numerous numerical simulations [16, 19, 20, 45], and explained as a generic property of excitable media [15, 17]. 

Dynamics and kinematic models of atom transfer reactions... 

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