MRI scan

Figure 13.1. The brain in Alzheimer s disease. The figure on the left is a static MRI scan, where marked cortical atrophy is evident. The right-hand figure is a SPECT scan showing impoverished metabolism in the Alzheimer brain.

If no toxicity is manifested during the first year of therapy, then redraw liver enzymes every 6-12 months assess liver for cirrhosis every 1-2 years by ultrasound and every 4-6 years by CT or MRI scan biopsy as... 

Figure 20.4 MRI scans of the brain of a patient with (a) Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome and (b) neuroferritinopathy. (From Crichton and Ward, 2006. Reproduced with permission from John Wiley Sons., Inc.)...

White matter hyperintesities in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans reflecting cerebrovascnlar damage and brain hypoperfusion are more severe in ACE-D/D subjects (638). Association of ACE-D/D with vascular dementia has also been reported (615,639), although in some stndies no association of ACE-I/D indel variant with vascnlar dementia was fonnd (640). 

The field of view for the ultrasound equipment is rather small, typically, not more than 20-30 cm and just a few centimeters at higher spatial resolution. Normally, a cross-sectional image in the plane of the imaging probe is obtained. Respectively, the operator must know where to place the transducer to locate the area of an expected lesion, as compared with a whole-body CT, the wide flat view of planar X-ray or MRI scans. 

Relapse rate and disability in MS Demyelination plaques on MRI scan Various agents for MS... 

Because of early dissemination, staging of patients with small-cell lung cancer is more extensive than for patients with NSCLC. It is important to rule out distant metastasis because it will change the role of thoracic radiation in the treatment of these patients. Staging should include a complete history and physical examination, CAT scans of chest and upper abdomen to include the liver and adrenal glands, brain MRI scan, bone scan, complete blood count, and a possible bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. 

There was kyphosis of the thoracic spine from T7 to T9, with pathological fractures. An MRI scan showed massive epidural fat extending from T1 to T9. She recovered 3 months after surgical removal of the epidural fat. 

A 75-year-old white man, without a history of psychiatric disorders, took cortisone 50 mg/day for 6 weeks for pulmonary fibrosis and developed severe obsessive-compulsive behavior without affective or psychotic symptoms. He was given risperidone without any beneficial effect. The dose of cortisone was tapered over 18 days. An MRI scan showed no signs of organic brain disease and an electroencephalogram was normal. His symptoms improved 16 days after withdrawal and resolved completely after 24 days. Risperidone was withdrawn without recurrence. 

A 64-year-old man with giant cell arteritis was given prednisolone 60 mg/day. Within 5 days he developed double vision and agitation and became drowsy and confused. A cranial MRI scan showed recent cerebral lesions and a Doppler scan showed high-resistant blood flow in both vertebral arteries. He had an episode of complete loss of vision and was given dexamethasone... 

A 48-year-old woman developed avascular necrosis 9 months after she had completed a 3-month course of hydrocortisone 100 mg retention enemas once or twice daily for ulcerative proctitis (470). An MRI scan showed multiple bony infarcts in her distal femora, proximal tibiae, and posterior proximal right fibular head, extending from the diaphysis to the epiphysis, consistent with avascular necrosis. 

In 138 Japanese patients with West syndrome treated with low-dose tetracosactide, the initial effects on seizures and long-term outcome were not related to dose (daily dose 0.005-0.032 mg/kg, 0.2-1.28 IU/kg total dose 0.1-0.87 mg/kg, 4—35 IU/kg) (7). There were moderate or severe adverse effects in 30% of the patients. There was slight loss of brain volume on CT/MRI scans in 64% of the patients, moderate loss in 23%, and severe loss in 4%. The severity of adverse effects correlated with the total dose of corticotropin, and the severity of brain volume loss due to corticotropin correlated well with the daily and total doses. The authors recommended a reduction in the dose of corticotropin in order to avoid serious adverse effects. 

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