Motor fuels evaporative emissions

Black, F., S. Tejada, and M. Gurevich, Alternative Fuel Motor Vehicle Tailpipe, and Evaporative Emissions Composition and Ozone Potential, J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc., 48, 578-591 (1998). 

Further measurements and calculations are necessary in order to improve the emission profiles of solvent use and to include additional emission sources such as evaporative losses of motor fuel, natural gas leakage, stationary fuel combustion and biogenic emissions to the CMB apportion analysis. 

Attempts have been made to estimate the quantities of motor fuel that evaporate into the atmosphere during storage, transloading and transportation. A total emission factor of 0.44% (averaged over the whole year) has been calculated for... 

There always is a relation between fuel composition and that of hydrocarbon emissions to the atmosphere, whether it concerns hydrocarbon emissions from evaporative losses from the fuel system, or from exhaust gases. This is the reason that environmental protection regulations include monitoring the composition of motor and heating fuels. We will describe here the regulations already in existence and the work currently underway in this area with its possible effects on refining. 

Air can be polluted by BTEX by combustion of fuels in industrial emissions, vehicle motors, or even by tobacco smoke, and by evaporation from polluted surface water or fuels in gas stations. Analysis of BTEX in air is of special importance because their concentration in urban locations is increasing significantly through human activity. 

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