MOTIVATE studies

The Hartley band of ozone has been the object of systematic investigations. The vibrational structures on top of the band have motivated studies of the dissociation dynamics on the corresponding potential surface [107]. 

NH4+ has received rather little attention recently. Pople and co-workers studied the geometry with the 4-31G basis set,67 and Hopkinson and Csizmadia58 reported calculations with a (8,3/3) ->[2,1/1] basis. In a rather differently motivated study, basis sets of ca. DZ quality were used by Claxton et al.59 who varied 7 (NH) and the proton exponent in calculations of the deuteron quadrupole coupling constants. These... 

Some empirical studies demonstrated that this research model was an acceptable initial tool in understanding travel motivation (Kim, 1997 Lee, 1998 Loker-Murphy, 1995 Mills, 1985). As Ryan (2002b 50) reports, the evidence was not always clear cut but at a descriptive level it has an obvious appeal. Furthermore, it has been proposed that the travel career ladder can be utilised as a blueprint for the design of motivational studies for special markets such as for ecotourists and for theme park patrons (Blayney, 1998 Pearce Rutledge, 1994). 

The first study reported in this chapter made a modest attempt to consider life-cycle issues and travel experience variables. Since this effort illustrates and represents the developmental nature of conducting research it is included here for its demonstration value rather than as a definitive incorporation of life-cycle factors into travel motivation study. The second... 

Practical uses of epoxies include load bearing applications such as structural adhesives and composite matrices. In these applications, their most detrimental feature is a characteristic low resistance to brittle fracture. The desire to improve this property has motivated studies on thermoset fracture behavior for the last two decades. Of particular interest is the relationship between the molecular structure and the failure properties of thermosetting epoxies, the subject of this chapter. 

In the analysis considered in the preceding section, it was assumed that a uniform spray had been established initially and that once ignited, each droplet burned with an envelope flame around it. These conditions have been achieved reasonably well in the laboratory for various fuel-lean sprays [65]. However, in practical systems the sprays are not uniform, the manner in which the spray penetrates the oxidizing gas is important, and a cloudburning mode of combustion (in which diffusion flames surround groups of droplets, see the last paragraph of Section 3.3.6) may occur [2], [79]. These realities motivate studies of spray penetration and cloud combustion. 

Although the simple pyridinium salts A — Cl, Br, I, PF6 are of type 1 and antiferroelectric, similarities in structure with other ferroelectric members of the family motivated studies of their phase behavior with the hope to precise... 

A small number of groups make up a great variety of molecules. This fact has motivated studies of group contribution to excess properties of solutions. By viewing a solution of molecules as a solution of the groups, many solutions can be described. 

Unsupported, ordered ultra-thin films are, fi om the experimental perspective, almost pure abstractions because of the shear difficulty of fabrication. Nevertheless, such UTFs are the zero-coupling limit of overlayers on substrates as well as the objective of increasingly sophisticated fabrication techniques. Localization in ordered UTFs is distinctly different fix)m that in the 5/ solids just discussed, yet there is a certain commonality, specially for monolayers. Monolayers ( ILs ) have the peculiar property that the electrons must conform to atomic boxmdary conditions i.e. vacuum boundary conditions) in the z direction but periodic boundary conditions in the x-y plane. In this sense, the electrons in a mono-layer also are partially localized. This motivates study of the interplay of spin ordering with translational symmetry and strain. 

In many catalysts sulfur acts as a poison, which necessarily motivates study of S layers on catalytically interesting surfaces. To produce S layers on surfaces,... 

It is also well known that adsorption of halogens fiom both aqueous solutions and the gas phase can promote oxidation and corrosion. These phenomena have motivated studies of the adsorption of HCl [89W], HBr [82K] and HI [80G], and the coadsorption of halogens and oxygen [83B2, 91Z, 96S1, 98H], both from the gas phase and from aqueous solutions. 

He was particularly concerned about the response of the ice streams that transport ice from the West Antarctic ice sheet into the Ross Ice Shelf because, as he put it Ice streams puU ice out of ice sheets (Hughes 1987, p. 89). The connection between glaciation and sea level was also the topic of studies by Rutford et al. (1968) and Barrett et al. (1987), among others. The concern for the future of the West Antarctic ice sheet motivated studies by Bentley (1997), Bindschadler (1990,1998), and Alley and Bindschadler... 

Hardy, D. et al. (2008) Efficacy and safety of maraviroc plus optimized background therapy in treatment-experienced patients with CCR5-tropic HlV-1 48-week combined analysis of the MOTIVATE studies (abstract 792). 

Concern about the potential injurious effects of nitrite in the diet have motivated study of alternatives to this multi-purpose food additive. The significance for human health of nitrate, nitrite and N-nitroso compounds has been reviewed by Mirvish (1991). The occurrence of these substances in food and in the diet and the toxicological implications were reviewed by Walker (1990). 

Several ways to improve the mass activity are currently explored. In the concept of nanoparticles on carbon black, alloying Pt with other metals is intensively studied. It is well known that the specific activity of Pt can be improved by alloying. The effect is ascribed mostly to changes in the electronic structure, which bring the system nearer to the optimum where both 0-0 bond dissociation and OH formation take place [52, 53]. Very high specific activity values were recently reported for certain PtsM alloys (M = Ni, Co, Fe), where the activity of PtsNi (111) was shown to be ten times that of Pt(l 11), that is, 19mAcmpt [53, 54]. These findings have motivated studies into supported Pt binary and ternary nano-sized catalysts as well as extended Pt alloy catalysts. 

Gulick RM, Lalezari J, Goodrich J, Clumeck N, Dejesus E, Horban A, Nadler J, Clotet B, Karlsson A, Wohlfeiler M, Montana JB, McHale M, Sullivan J, Ridgway C, Felstead S, Dunne MW, van der Ryst E, Mayer H. MOTIVATE Study Teams. Maraviroc for previously treated patients with R5 HIV-1 infection. N Engl J Med 2008 359 (14) 1429 1. 

The relatively high electron affinity of UFe (Beauchamp, 1976a), 5 eV, has motivated studies of various uranium fluoride anions. Beauchamp produced UFfi" by surface ionization on a rhenium filament and studied its reactions with neutral llFg as a function of collision energy from 0 to 35 eV (Beauchamp, 1976a). It was determined that Eq. (7) occurs with an endothermicity of 2.7 0.2 eV ... 

The wide range of applications (in catalysis, as biological stains, as condoisers for electron storage in artificial photosynthesis or as ferrofiuids) has also motivated studies... 

Earthquake disaster in the past has motivated studies on earthquake-resistant buildings to save lives and resources (Newmark and Hall 1982). With this objective, physical models and numerical methods are used to predict the dynamic behavior of structures. The numerical methods provide quantitative analyses of physical phenomena. They can be used to design structures with geometry and materials for an adequate dynamic behavior under seismic excitation. The most frequently used in structural dynamics are the finite element method (FEM) and the boundary element method (BEM). 

IB, Hopkins, 1925 IB, Searle and Ruch, 1926. Hopkins study was concerned with curriculum design. Since students spend a great deal of time reading periodicals and newspapers, Hopkins and his colleagues were interested in ascertaining the amount of scientific information one needed in order to comprehend the average newspaper or magazine (IB, Hopkins, 1925, 783). Similarly motivated studies include IB, Bobbitt, 1926, and IB, Novak, 1942. IB, Hart, 1933, part of the influential report on Recent Social Trends, showed that the proportion of articles devoted to chemistry in the peri-odial literature decreased dramatically from 1922 to 1930 ibid., 393). 

The subject of Pattern Formation is being studied intensively during the last years. The universality of the patterns which are created in different physical systems motivates studies which correlate the process of an object creation with its resulting morphology. 

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