Moths flight

Hyalophara cecropia (silk moth) flight muscle, (mem- trehalose 6.5 3.6 mAf 136... 

The purpose of the current contribution is to introduce some of the chemical features of odors and how the physical environment shapes the distribution of odor molecules in time and space. The mechanisms underlying male moth flight behavior will be presented and recent advances and understanding stemming from manipulations of the chemical and physical features of odor plumes will be discussed. 

EFFECTS OF MANIPULATION OF PLUME STRUCTURE ON MOTH FLIGHT... 

EFFECTS OF MANIPULATION OF CHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE PHEROMONE ON MOTH FLIGHT BEHAVIOR... 

Vickers, N. J. and T. C. Baker. Reiterative responses to single strands of odor promote sustained upwind flight and odor source location by moths. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91, 5756-5760 (1994). 

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Charlton, R. E., Carde, R. T. and Wallner, W. E. (1999). Synchronous crepuscular flight of female Asian gypsy moths relationships of light intensity and ambient and body temperatures. Journal of Insect Behavior 12 517-531. 

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Vickers, N. J., Christensen, T. A., Mustaparta, H. and Baker, T.C. (1991). Chemical communication in heliothine moths. III. Flight behavior of male Heliocoverpa zea and Heliothis virescens in response to varying ratios of intra- and interspecific sex pheromone components. Journal of Comparative Physiology A 169 275-280. 

Baker T. and Vicker N. (1996) Pheromone-mediated flight in moths. In Insect Pheromone Research New Directions, eds R. Carde and A. Minks, pp. 248-264. Chapman Hall, New York. 

Bau J., Martinez D., Renou M. and Guerrero A. (1999) Pheromone-triggered orientation flight of male moths can be disrupted by trifluoromethyl ketones. Chem. Senses 24, 473 180. 

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Natural stimuli are never block-shaped increases of concentration but rather continuous series of sharp rises and drops in concentrations across a wide dynamic range (Murlis et al., 1992). Odor quality may be encoded in the first 200 ms while the off-characterisitics determine the accuracy with which the end of stimulation and the separation of rapid odor pulses are detected. This has proven to be highly relevant for mechanism of oriented flight (Vickers and Baker, 1996). In fact such differences in ability to follow rapid sequences of odor pulses were demonstrated for two moth ORNs that respond to the same pheromone component but with different temporal accuracy (Almaas et al., 1991). If temporal patterns of activity in single ORNs depend on which odorant they respond to, some odors can be encoded with high temporal accuracy in one ORN, while leaving other... 

Zhang, Q. H., Schlyter, F., Chu, D., Ma, X.Y. and Ninomiya, Y. (1998). Diurnal and seasonal flight activity of males and population dynamics of fall webworm moth, Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lep., Arctiidae) monitored by pheromone traps../. Appl. Entomol., 122, 523-532. 

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