Mother liquor definition

No definite plan can be given which will suit all examples of fractional crystallisation. The scheme outlined in Text-book of Inorganic Chemistry, Yol. IV., p. 324 (J. Newton Friend), when applicable, affords a convenient method of marking and recording the various fractions involved in a fractional crystallisation it also avoids the accumulation of a vast number of small crops and mother liquors —... 

In practice, the neutral or slightly acid solution of the sodium salts, containing little or no sodium chloride, is evaporated to a definite volume which depends on the composition of the reaction mixture and which is selected so that on cooling only the sodium 2-naphthol-6-sulfonate crystallizes out, but this as completely as possible. The precipitate is removed, and, to the filtrate, usually after further evaporation, is added enough salt to make it an 18 to 20 per cent salt solution. R salt then precipitates when the solution is cooled. Potassium chloride is then added to the mother liquor to precipitate the potassium salt of G acid. 

Let us suppose that the double salt is in equilibrium with the solution at a definite temperature, and that the composition of the solution is represented by the point e. The greater part of the solution is now separated from the solid phase, and the latter, together with the adhering mother liquor is analysed. The composition (expressed, as before, in gram-molecules of A and B to 100 gram-molecules of water) will be represented by a point e,g. f) on the line eS, where S represents the composition of the double salt. 

With the solvent composition selected as the controlling factor, the given mixture is dissolved in a rather excessive quantity of an appropriate hot solvent, which may be one pure liquid, or a mixture consisting of two or more liquids mixed together in a definite proportion. After collecting the first crop of crystals yielded by the hot solution as a result of its cooling, small quantities of a second liquid are added to the mother liquor whereby the altered solvent composition would yield a second crop of crystals which also is collected. Further crops, or fractions, will be obtained by repeating the aforesaid series of steps several times. 

Crystals may be defined as solids composed of atoms arranged in an orderly repetitive array. The interatomic distances in a crystal of any definite material are constant and are characteristic of that material. Thus, for each chemical compound there are unique physical properties that differentiate that material from others, therefore, it is not unexpected that the formation of the crystalline material from its solution or mother liquor is accompanied by unique growth and nucleation characteristics. 

Many of these classes are self-explanatory, but some require definition. For example, the term controlled refers to supersaturation control. The term classifying refers to the production of a selected product size by classification in a fluidized bed of crystals. In a circulating-liquor crystallizer the crystals remain in the crystallization zone only the clear mother liquor is circulated, e.g., through a heat exchanger. In the circulating-magma crystallizer the crystals... 

CAS 68476-78-8 977001-99-2 Definition Residue after sucrose has been removed from the mother liquor in sugar manufacture Properties Thick liq. 

The chemical analysis of the [Zn-Cr-Cl] phase so obtained confirms the definite ratio Zn/Cr = 2, previously proposed by Boehm, Steinle, and Vieweger 1977. Attempts to vary the Zn/Cr ratio in this way were unsuccessful. The relatively low weight fraction of ZnO (2-5 wt % range) and the slow addition of the CrCls solution or long aging time in contact with the mother liquor greatly improve the crystallinity of the double hydroxide (Figure 7-14). 

L-Iditol ( sorbi rite ) appears to be the rarest of the naturally occurring hexitols. It has been isolated only from the mother liquor after removing sorbitol by fermenting the juice of the mountain-ash berry Sorbus aucu-paria). It was at first thought to be an octitol, but Bertrand definitely established it as a hexitol 55). It has been synthesized by the reduction of L-sorbose to sorbitol and L-iditol the sorbitol was removed by fermentation with sorbose bacteria and the nonfermentable L-iditol was isolated as the tribenzylidene derivative. 

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