Morpholine fungicides

Although one report identified field Isolates of E. gramlnis f.sp. horde resistant to tridemorph (22) no practical case of resistance to morpholine fungicides has emerged in any disease. This is remarkable given the specificity in their mode of action, and their continuous and increasing use against cereal mildews since tridemorph was introduced in 1970. 

The systemic morpholine fungicide Corbel with fenpropimorph as its active substance is frequently applied to cereal cropping. It is rapidly metabolized in soil to fenpropimorphic acid. For the assay of fenpropimorphic acid in soil, GC-MS coupling109 has been proposed. The GC technique was used to assure the best separation for the fenpropimorphic acid from the complex soil matrix. The MS technique is very sensitive and assures the best reliability of the analytical information. The same reliability is also achieved when the HPLC-MS tandem system is used for sulfonylurea herbicide assay in soil.110... 

Inhibitors of Sterol A —> A Isomerization. Initial mode of action studies indicated that the morpholine fungicide tridemorph blocked sterol A —> A isomerization (21-23) or sterol A reduction (24). Subsequently, it was shown that morpholines may block both reactions or only the former, depending on the organism and morpholine derivative involved (21). Detailed mode of action... 

In the present paper, we report qualitative and quantitative effects of fenpropimorph, a systemic morpholine fungicide, on the lipid composition (free sterols, phospholipids (PL) and fatty acids (FA)) of a PM-rich fraction from maize roots. The consequences of such a treatment on the properties of the PM-bound vanadate-sensitive H -ATPase were investigated. 

Amorolfine [78613-35-17 is a molecule that is totally different from this group it is a morpholine derivative (15) (19). This substance has a broad-spectmm activity and has a fungicide effect at fairly low concentrations. The development of a nail varnish for treatment of onychomycoses could be very interesting. 

Morpholines such as tridemorph (9.112) attack sterol biosynthesis via A -reductase enzyme inhibition and are valuable agricultural fungicides. 

It was not until the late 1960s that effective systemic fungicides appeared on the market, and their development represents an important breakthrough in the field of plant chemotherapy. The major classes of systemic fungicides developed since 1966 are oxathiins, benzimidazoles, thiophanates, and pyrimidines. Other effective systemic fungicides used currently include antibiotics, morpholines, organophosphorus compounds, and most recently, the sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, e.g., triazoles. 

The only member of the piperazines is triforine. The other fungicides are morpholines. 

Since morpholine eompounds are typically bactericidal and fungicidal, different selenomorpholines 134-136 were synthesized and their antimicrobial activity was tested against Staphylococcus aureus. 

A second group of SBI fungicides, the morpholines and 3-phenylpropylamines, are especially active against cereal powdery mildews, but seem to-block more than one.Step in the pathway. They may inhibit A -A isomerase, A1 reductase,... 

Inhibitors of sterol biosynthesis provide many, useful, broad spectrum, fungicides, and it is essential that their effectiveness is retained as long as possible. Of the two major groups of SBI fungicides, only.the morpholines, which inhibit A reductase and/or A -A isomerase depending on their... 

The N-cycloaliphatic derivatives of tetrahydro-l,4-oxazine (morpholine) or those with a long-chain alkyl groups are good specific fungicides against powdery mildew fungi (cereals, cucumbers, apples, roses, etc.) (Pommer and Kradel, 1967). 

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