Monohydrate definition

The definitive diagnosis is accomplished by aspiration of synovial fluid from the affected joint and identification of intracellular crystals of monosodium urate monohydrate in synovial fluid leukocytes. 

As Skinner has pointed out [7], there is no evidence for the existence of BFyH20 in the gas phase at ordinary temperatures, and the solid monohydrate of BF3 owes its stability to the lattice energy thus D(BF3 - OH2) must be very small. The calculation of AH2 shows that even if BFyH20 could exist in solution as isolated molecules at low temperatures, reaction (3) would not take place. We conclude therefore that proton transfer to the complex anion cannot occur in this system and that there is probably no true termination except by impurities. The only termination reactions which have been definitely established in cationic polymerisations have been described before [2, 8], and cannot at present be discussed profitably in terms of their energetics. It should be noted, however, that in systems such as styrene-S C/4 the smaller proton affinity of the dead (unsaturated or cyclised) polymer, coupled, with the greater size of the anion and smaller size of the cation may make AHX much less positive so that reaction (2) may then be possible because AG° 0. This would mean that the equilibrium between initiation and termination is in an intermediate position. 

Many investigations on the physical properties of soln. of nitric acid showed the existence of discontinuities which have been interpreted to mean that definite hydrates are formed. This was noted by E. A. Smith 2 in 1848. E. A. Bourgoin, E. Mitscherlich, A. Bineau, M. Berthelot, H. Erdmann, W. N. Hartley, T. Graham, J. Kolb, and J. Wislicenus also suggested that nitric acid forms definite hydrates. V. H. Veley and J. J. Manley, and S. TJ. Pickering observed discontinuities in the f.p. curve corresponding with the existence of a monohydrate and a trihydrate ... 

Diesters prepared from specific monohydric alcohols can be formulated into low viscosity partial synthetic automotive crankcase lubricants. These diester basestocks exhibit definite advantages over petroleum basestocks of similar and sometimes higher viscosities. These advantages are ... 

Ammoniates. Review what was said in Chapter II about water of crystallization and hydrates (pp 62-65). Two definite crystalline compounds of sodium carbonate and water are the monohydrate and the decahydrate. Both of these will dissolve in water, but both solutions are absolutely identical. Furthermore, either one or the other of these hydrates can be caused to crystallize from the solution by adjusting the temperature. 

It is probably not a definite hydrate. It loses water when kept in a desiccator, yielding a substance corresponding in composition to the monohydrate, Fe203.H20, but which is not very stable, and is probably not the normal monohydrate. 

Streptidine was best isolated by allowing a solution of streptomycin hydrochloride in N sulfuric acid to stand at 37° for forty-five hours. The sulfate monohydrate was precipitated in nicely crystalline form by adding three to five volumes of acetone to the reaction mixture. The substance is also isolable from the alkaline hydrolyzate of streptomycin. Streptidine and its salts have no true melting points and are optically inactive throughout the visible spectrum. The sulfate monohydrate has been definitely characterized by its x-ray diffraction pattern. 

A. Hantzsch, K. S. Caldwell, Z. Physik. Chem. 58, 575 (1907) H. Goldschmitt, O. Udby, Z. Physik. Chem. 60, 728 (1907). As underlined in Refs. 6ab the monohydrated proton should be called "oxonium" ion following the rules for chemical nomenclature accepted by IUPAC. Indeed, it is more coherent with the definition of the "onium" group than the name "hydronium", which is very often... 

Monohydrate, crystals from dilute acetone. Poor stability. Has no definite melting point. [ ] +9.5 (c — 4.7 in H,0), uv max (pH 7.0 phosphate buffer) 242, 274 nm (Ejjj, 321, 549). Freely sol in water. Somewhat sol in acetic acid, formamide, DMSO, aq solns of methanol, ethanol, acetone. Practically insol in anhydr alcohols, acetone, ethyl acetate, ether. LDM in rats 150 mg/kg (Thiersch). 

Synonyms Cobaltous sulfate Cobalt sulfate Cobalt sulfate (1 1) Cobalt (II) sulfate Cobalt (II) sulfate (1 1) Sulfuric acid, cobalt (2+) salt (1 1) Definition Obtained by action of sulfuric acid on cobaltous oxide hexahy-drate occurs in nature as the min. bieberite commercial prod, is the hexahydrate or the monohydrate Empirical 0,S Co Fomiula CoSO,... 

Definition Copper salt of sulfuric acid avail, commercially as the monohydrate or pentahydrate En mical CuO,S Formula CuSO,... 

Definition Calcium salt of D-gluconic acid Empirical C12H22O14 Ca Formula Ca[HOCH2(CHOH)4COO]2 Properties Wh. fluffy powd. or gran., odorless, pract. tasteless sol. in hot water insol. in alcohol, acetic acid, other org. soivs. sparingly and slowly sol. in water stable in air m.w. 430.4 (anhyd.), 448.39 (monohydrate) m.p. loses water 120 C pH neutral... 

Definition Obtained by action of sulfuric acid on cobaltous oxide hexahydrate occurs in nature as the min. bieberite commercial prod, is the hexahydrate or the monohydrate Empihcal 04S Co Formula C0SO4... 

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