Monoclonal antibodies with competitive immunoassays

Pentachlorophenol. The evaluation of an immunoassay kit for the determination of pentachlorophenol (PCP) residues in water (IS) was carried out in conjunction with the current gas chromatography/electron capture detection procedure. The kit is based on a monoclonal antibody-based competitive inhibition Immunoassay and has a shelf-life of about one year. (CP is the second most heavily used pesticide in the USA. In Canada, it is registered as a wood preservative, insecticide and herbicide with the sodium salt of (CP often being used as a general disinfectant for trays in mushroom houses and wood preservative in crates. Since toxic pesticides of this type can pollute streams and ground water, it is necessary to monitor its presence. 

Other anticoccidials for which immunoassays have been developed include the polyethers salinomycin and lasalocid, and the quinazoline drug halofuginone. Concern over the potential toxicity of salinomycin has led to development of two competitive ELISAs for detecting and measuring salinomycin residues in poultry tissues. In the first ELISA (96), 16 monoclonal antibodies were prepared and evaluated for their ability to produce a rapid and low-cost screening procedure for residues of salinomycin in poultry liver. In the second (97), the antibodies produced showed cross-reactivity with narasin but not with lasalocid, madura-... 

Sunahara, N., Kawata, S., Kaibe, K., Furuta, R., Yamayoshi, M., Yamada, M., and Kurooka, S., Differential determination of recombinant human interleukin-1 alpha and its deamidated derivative by two sandwich enzyme immunoassays using monoclonal antibodies. Comparison with a polyclonal antibody-based competitive enzyme immunoassay. J. Immunol. Meth. 119, 75-82... 

Monoclonal antibodies were obtained against atrazine and its metabolite hydroxyatrazine by immunizing mice with atrazine or hydroxyatrazine protein conjugates. By competitive ELISA, we observed that the antibodies raised against hydroxyatrazine cross-reacted mainly with hydroxypropazine. The antibodies raised against atrazine cross-reacted with propa-zine, prometone, prometryne, and to a much lower extent with a few other s-triazines and hydroxy-s-triazines. Atrazine could be detected in water samples down to 50 ppt. Average recoveries measured by ELISA from soil samples fortified with atrazine or hydroxyatrazine were comparable to those measured by GLC or HPLC. Soil samples of unknown atrazine content were analyzed by GLC, GC-MS, and by ELISA. The results show that the ELISA immunoassay represents a valuable detection method for trace amounts of atrazine and hydroxyatrazine in soil. 

A rapid, competition immunoassay has been developed that detects chlorinated cyclodiene insecticides in meat, fish and milk products. The assay, a competition enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay, employs a monoclonal antibody that recognized all of the cyclodiene insecticides it was tested against. A simple method to extract heptachlor and related cyclodiene insecticides that is compatable with the immunoassay is described. The sensitivity of the immunoassay is sufficent to detect cyclodienes at the tolerance level in beef. We anticipate initial application of this assay as a screening aid. 

Shelby, R.A. and Kelley, V.C. (1991) Detection of ergot alkaloids in tall fescue by competitive immunoassay with a monoclonal antibody. Food. Agric. Immunol., 3, 169-177. 

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