Mono fluoride

Caution. Chlorine mono fluoride is toxic and exceedingly damaging to the skin. 

Explodes on contact with bromine trifluoride chlorine trifluoride fluorine hydrogen peroxide + catalysts acetylene + ethylene. Explodes when heated with calcium carbonate + magnesium 3,4-dichloronitrobenzene + catalysts vegetable oils + catalysts ethylene + nickel catalysts difluorodiazene (above 90°C) 2-nitroanisole (above 250°C/34 bar + 12% catalyst) copper(II) oxide nitryl fluoride (above 200°C) polycarbon mono fluoride (above 500°C). 

The chlorofluorination of A, /V-bis(tnfluoromethyl)trif1uorovmylamine (2) with chlorine mono-fluoride leads to a mixture of 3 and 4.691... 

Figure 3 represents a jelly roll construction most often used for lithium metal anode cells. The cathode can be made of manganese dioxide, carbon mono-fluoride, or iron disulfide. The use of lithium as an anode rather than zinc necessitates that the electrolyte be organic due to the extreme reactivity of lithium metal with water. 

Practical open-circuit voltages of the lithium-poly carbori-mono fluoride and lithium-sulphur dioxide systems are approximately 2.8 V and 2.9 V respectively at 20°C. The high voltage means that these batteries are not interchangeable with other electrochemical systems in existing equipment, unless a dummy cell is also included. 

The i5p-titanium(IV) atom is hard, ie, not very polarizable, and can be expected to form its most stable complexes with hard ligands, eg, fluoride, chloride, oxygen, and nitrogen. Soft or relatively polarizable ligands containing second- and third-row elements or multiple bonds should give less stable complexes. The stabihty depends on the coordination number of titanium, on whether the ligand is mono- or polydentate, and on the mechanism of the reaction used to measure stabihty. 

The fluonnation of both mono and dinitro enolates proceeds well with perchloryl fluoride. The mononitro fluorinated intermediates have been used to develop fluorinated materials of general synthetic utility [III, 113] (equation 63)... 

Reeently, new fluorinating agents, tetrabutylphosphonium fluoride and its mono- and dihydrofluoride, were used for preparation of fluorohydrins from epoxides [14] (equation 13). 

Displacement of a sulfonyloxy group by fluorine can be achieved by tctra-butylpbosphonium fluoride and its mono- and dihydrofluonde under mild conditions and in good yields [I4 (equation 30)... 

Fluorination of thiophene-2,5-dicarboxylic acitl with a sulfur tetrafluoritie-hydrogen fluoride mixture provides 2,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)thiophene in a 69% yield no fluorine addition to the thiophene ring occurs [229J. Also, imidazole mono- and dicarboxylic acids yield only the respective trifluo-romethyliinidazoles [230],... 

The fluoride [NS(0)F]3 is more stable thermally and towards nucleophilic reagents than the corresponding chloride. For example, 8.15a is hydrolyzed by water to NH(S02NH2)2, whereas sulfanuric fluoride is unaffected by cold water. In warm water, however, hydrolysis occurs to give the [N3S304F2] anion. All three fluorine atoms in [NS(0)F]3 can be replaced by primary or secondary amines at 80-90°C in the absence of a solvent. Mono- or diphenyl derivatives can be prepared by treatment of [NS(0)F]3 with PhLi in diethyl ether at -70°C, while the Friedel-Crafts reaction with benzene at reflux in the presence of AICI3 gives two isomers of [NS(0)Ph]3. ... 

In order to achieve high yields, the reaction usually is conducted by application of high pressure. For laboratory use, the need for high-pressure equipment, together with the toxicity of carbon monoxide, makes that reaction less practicable. The scope of that reaction is limited to benzene, alkyl substituted and certain other electron-rich aromatic compounds. With mono-substituted benzenes, thepara-for-mylated product is formed preferentially. Super-acidic catalysts have been developed, for example generated from trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, hydrogen fluoride and boron trifluoride the application of elevated pressure is then not necessary. 

Whereas aryl Grignard compounds afford good yields of sulfones with sulfonyl fluorides298 299, phenyllithium is mainly chlorinated by a-toluene-sulfonyl chloride on the other hand, the corresponding fluoride yields only a trace of the expected mono-sulfonylation product, while the main product is 26 obtained by twofold sulfonylation300 (equation 61). 

The most recognized toothpaste ingredient is probably the class of compounds known as fluorides. Stannous fluoride was the first to be used in toothpaste because, unlike sodium fluoride, it did not lose its effectiveness when combined with the abrasive most common at the time, calcium phosphate. Later, sodium mono-fluorophosphate came into popular use because it too could be used with the common abrasives. 

Treatment of an extracellular polysaccharide of Rhizobium japonicum (an important factor for nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between bacteria and soybeans) with liquid HF (—40°, 30 min) gave mono- and oligo-saccharides involving 0- -D-glucopyranosyl-( 1 - 3)-C>-(4-0-acetyl-a-D-galactopyrano-syluronic acid)-(l— 3)-D-mannose and its 1-fluoride. 

In the preparation of bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfur difluoride, explosions have occurred when chlorine mono- or tri-fluorides were treated with 2-3 mmol of the sulfide in absence of solvent. Because chlorine trifluoride is known to deprotonate solvents with formation of explosive carbene species, only fully halogenated solvents are suitable as diluents. 

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