Mono-and Oligosaccharides

Simple sugars such as glycerol, erythritol, ribitol, arabinitol, fructose, glucose, sucrose and trehalose are common lichen metabolites. Their occurrence is listed in Culberson s compendia 65, 78). Recent surveys 

The mobile carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis in lichens have been studied and this work has been reviewed by Richardson (272). Hill and Ahmadjian (7(57) have shown that four genera of lichen algae isolated in pure culture were able to produce the polyol which is known to move from alga to fungus in lichens containing these algae. Similar results were obtained by Komiya and Shibata (2J3) by working with cultured phycobionts and mycobionts. 

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Carbohydrates. Oilseeds contain two types of carbohydrates (qv) soluble mono- and oligosaccharides and largely insoluble polysaccharides. ... 

Reduction. Mono- and oligosaccharides can be reduced to polyols (polyhydroxy alcohols) termed alditols (glycitols) (1) (see Sugar alcohols). Common examples of compounds in this class ate D-glucitol (sorbitol) [50-70-4] made by reduction of D-glucose and xyhtol [87-99-0] made from D-xylose. Glycerol [56-87-5] is also an alditol. Reduction of D-fmctose produces a mixture of D-glucitol and D-mannitol [69-65-8],... 

Reagent for Carbohydrates e.g. mono- and oligosaccharides [1 —8] sugar alcohols [4, 9] AgNOa NaOH... 

Dioxolane derivatives, which are obtained from methoxybutenone and glycols and used as antifungicides, and squalene synthetase inhibitors have been described (94MI1). The reactions of mono- and oligosaccharides with... 

Diffraction analysis—whether employing x-rays, electrons, or neutrons—is the method of choice for obtaining structural information on crystalline substances. The application of the well understood principles and methods of diffraction analysis to single crystals of sufficient size and perfection can lead to a detailed determination of the crystal structure, without recourse to any auxiliary methodology. Hundreds of mono- and oligosaccharide molecules have been characterized by these means (1), yielding not only an increased understanding of their structures in the solid state, but also a data base useful for extrapolation to other states and molecular interactions. 

All biological membranes are constructed according to a standard pattern. They consist of a continuous bilayer of amphipathic lipids approximately 5 nm thick, into which proteins are embedded, in addition, some membranes also carry carbohydrates (mono- and oligosaccharides) on their exterior, which are bound to lipids and proteins. The proportions of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates differ markedly depending on the type of cell and membrane (see p. 216). 

High-Performance Ion Exchange Chromatography (HPIEC) of Mono- and Oligosaccharides... 

At strong alkaline conditions mono- and oligosaccharides are weak anions. So it is possible to separate them on alkaline-resistant HPLC columns. Whereas spectrophotometric monitoring is not possible, pulsed amperometric detection allows sensitive identification in the nanomolar range. 

This paper is not a review covering the entire field of carbohydrate-recognition in any organized system. Many excellent papers have already been devoted to supramolecular systems such as cyclodextrins, podands, coronands or cryptants able to entrap carbohydrate molecules [1]. This article only deals with the molecular recognition of mono and oligosaccharides in organized self-assemblies of amphiphilic carbohydrates (possibly blended with other lipids) in aqueous medium i.e. in assemblies mimicking the cell membrane. 

The facile and highly versatile approach, combining the selective glycosyl donors, such as 11—13, 26, 27, and 34—36, with the suitably protected mono- and oligosaccharides as glycosyl acceptors, has been extensively applied to the synthesis of numerous gangliosides,... 

Y]= D-Gal 3 or D-Gaipi—>4Glc- Cerebrosides or ceramide mono- and oligosaccharides... 

HPLC OF MONO-AND OLIGOSACCHARIDES IN FRUIT JUICES USING A CALCIUM-LOADED CATION-EXCHANGE COLUMN... 

The purpose of this article is to briefly review those synthetic photochemical reactions with mono- and oligosaccharides used as specific substrates or as chiral synthons in synthesis. This article follows the excellent general and complete review published in 1981 by R. W. Binkely [1] in the Advances in Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biochemistry . 

Carbohydrate chemistry is engaged in the synthesis and variation of deoxy sugar chains, where a wide set of protective groups and stereoselective glycosylation techniques are required. This contribution centers on stereoselective syntheses of mono-and oligosaccharides in the field of 2,6-dideoxy- and, in particular cases, branched-chain sugars, and summarizes modem synthetic glycosylation reactions which have been developed for this special kind of carbohydrate chemistry. 

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