Monkey cardiac lipids

The lipid content in pig hearts normally is approximately 2%, which is similar to that observed in rat hearts. Little is known about the cardiac lipid content of monkeys fed a low fat control diet. These species respond differently to experimental diets which contain high levels of fat and are rich in docosenoic acid. In the rat and pig studies (Fig. 1) HEAR oils were fed which contained erucic acid (22 1 n-9). In some of the monkey studies fish oils were fed which contained cetoleic acid (22 1 n-11) as the main docosenoic acid isomer. The results from both 22 1 isomers are combined because of their similarity in response. 

Fig. 1. The concentration (mg/g wet weight) of the total cardiac lipids and the cardiac triglycerides of rats, pigs, and monkeys fed a low fat control diet (time 0) and diets to which a control oil (first bar) or a docosenoic acid containing oil (second bar) was added. The portion of triglycerides in the total lipids are indicated by a hatched bar wherever this information is available. Source of data rat (Kramer and Hulan, 1978 Kramer et al., 1979) pig, 1.4 weeks (Opstvedt et al., 1979), all other values (Kramer et a/., 1975) and monkey, 1 and 10 weeks (Beare-Rogers and Nera, 1972), all other values (Ackman, 1980). Erucic acid was the docosenoic acid in all studies except the monkey data from Ackman (1980) who fed partially hydrogenated fish oil containing mainly cetoleic acid.

The cardiac lipids of monkeys appear to increase when they are fed diets rich in fat. This is evident from the results of the total heart lipids of... 

These results appear to indicate that cardiac lipids of the pig do not respond to the feeding of high fat diets with or without docosenoic acids. The rat, on the other hand, after the initial acute myocardial lipidosis, appears to adapt after about 1 week to dietary docosenoic acids. The monkey does not appear to adapt well to high fat diets however, docosenoic acids do not appear to have any additional effects on total heart lipids or heart triglycerides. 

Dietary docosenoic acid (22 1) is incorporated into the cardiac lipids of rats, pigs, and monkeys. When diets containing similar concentrations of 22 1 are fed to these three species, the rat accumulates the greatest amount... 

Concentration of C22 n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Cardiac Lipids of Rai, Pig, and Monkey... 

Cardiac Lipid Changes in Rats, Pigs, and Monkeys Fed High Fat Diets... 

IV. Changes in Cardiac Lipids of Pigs and Monkeys Fed Different Oils and Fats and How These Changes Compare to Those Observed in... 

IV. CHANGES IN CARDIAC LIPIDS OF PIGS AND MONKEYS FED DIFFERENT OILS AND FATS AND HOW THESE CHANGES COMPARE TO THOSE OBSERVED IN RATS... 

The cardiac lipid content of monkey (Macaca fascicularis) appears to be the same irrespective of the kind of dietary fat or oil, even with diets rich in docosenoic acid (Table XXI). There is one exception in a 6 month study reported by Ackman (1980) in which the lard/corn oil control diet gave an unusually low cardiac lipid value. However, this result needs to be confirmed, since in an earlier study by the same author there was no difference in the cardiac lipid content (Ackman and Loew, 1977). Except for this one... 

The docosenoic acid content in the cardiac lipids of monkeys fed this acid reached about 75% of the dietary concentration of 22 1, and remained at this level throughout a 2.5 year feeding trial (Table XXI). In this respect, all three species showed a different response to similar concentrations of dietary 22 1. The pig accumulates a low content of 22 1 in the cardiac lipids which is ca. 20% of the dietary concentration of 22 1. This level is attained within the first week on diet and remains unchanged for up to 1 year (Table... 

Cardiac Lipids of Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) Fed Different Fats and Oils for up to 2-1 /2 Years... 

XX). The rat, on the other hand, shows an initial accumulation of 22 1 to about 100% of the dietary level which is followed by a decline to a concentration of ca 20% of dietary levels. The concentration of 22 1 in the cardiac lipids of monkeys fed diets rich in 22 1 plateaus just like in the pig, but at a considerably higher level (Table XXI). These results are summarized in Fig. 2 of Chapter 14. 

These three test animals also differ in their cardiac lipid composition. For example, in the test animals fed control fats or oils, the cardiac triglycerides comprise about 10% of the total cardiac lipids of the pig (Opstvedt et a/., 1979), 10-20% of the rat (Astorg and Cluzan, 1977 Bellenand et a/., 1980 Hung and Holub, 1977 Kramer and Hulan, 1978b Myher et a/., 1979 Rocquelin, 1979), and 50% of the monkey (Ackman, 1980). The proportion of the cardiac phospholipids is also different between species. For example, in the pig the concentration of SP is greater than PE, whereas in the rat the inverse is found (Table XXII). 

McMurchie, E.J., Patten, G.S., and McLennan, P.L., The influence of dietary lipid supplementation on cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor adenyl cyclase activity in the marmoset monkey, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 937, 347, 1988. 

---