Molybdenum complexes butadiene

In the case of other Group 6 metals, the polymerization of olefins has attracted little attention. Some molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) complexes containing bulky imido- and alkoxo-ligands have been mainly used for metathesis reactions and the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of norbornene or related olefins [266-268]. Tris(butadiene) complexes of molybdenum ) and tungsten(O) are air-stable and sublimable above 100°C [269,270]. At elevated temperature, they showed catalytic activity for the polymerization of ethylene [271]. 

Although bis(phosphite) carbyne complex Cp[P(OMe)3]2Mo=C(c-Pr) is incapable of undergoing carbonyl insertion reactions, it adds 1 equivalent of HCl in ether forming the ring-opened f/ -butadiene complex Cp[P(OMe)3](Cl)Mo( / -butadiene) in 15% yield, and P(OMe)3 in equal amounts (equation 108) . Careful analysis of the reaction using two equivalents of HCl reveals the presence of the metal hydride complex Cp[P(OMe)3]2Cl2MoH as the main products (70%), and free butadiene. It was furthermore shown that the two molybdenum complexes are not interconvertible under the reaction conditions and both the yields and products ratio are invariant with temperature in the range of -40 °C to room temperature and the amount of added HCl (1 or 2 equivalents). 

In the butadiene complexes of vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten and manganese (Table 7) the butadiene has replaced two carbonyl groups and presumably bonds to these two co-ordination positions of the metal. 

The vapor-phase oxidation (VPO) of butadiene with air at 200—500°C produces maleic anhydride [108-31-6]. Catalysts used are based on vanadium and molybdenum oxides (89,90). Alternatively, when using a catalyst containing Al, Mo, and Ti, butadiene undergoes a complex series of condensations and oxidations to form anthraquinone at 250°C (91). 

Dienes react with molybdenum hexacarbonyl to give complexes of the type [Mo(CO)4(diene)] and [Mo(CO)2(diene)2], which are generally yellow, soluble in organic solvents, and readily sublimed. Cyclo-octa-1,5-diene (12, 79, 151), bicyclo[2,2,l]hepta-2,5-diene (175), a dimer of cyclo-octa-tetraene (12) and dimethyldivinylsilane (158) give the former type of complex with the structure (VI M = Mo), while butadiene (81) and cyclo-hexa-1,3-diene form the latter type (80). Tetracyclone gives the complex [Mo(CO)2(tetracyclone)2] (215). 

Unlike the chromium-butadiene reaction, the vapors of both molybdenum and tungsten afford thermally stable 7r-complexes that are air-stable, white crystalline solids (114) ... 

In contrast, a heterogenized molybdenum complex showed high activity for the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene to d.v-2-butene 138... 

Upon UV irradiation in hydrocarbon solution, the hexacarbonyls of chromium, molybdenum, and tungsten react differently with conjugated dienes like 1,3-butadiene (la), ( )-l,3-pentadiene (lb), 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (lc), ( , )-2,4-hexadiene (Id), ( )-2-methyl-l,3-pentadiene (le), 2-ethyl-1,3-butadiene (If), or 1,3-cyclohexadiene (Ig). Chromium hexacarbonyl (2) yields, with the acyclic dienes la-lf, tetracarbonyl-r/2-dienechromium(0) complexes (3a-3f) in a smooth reaction (8-10). With 1,3-cyclohexadiene, in addition to 3g, dicarbonylbis(>/4-l,3-cyclohexadiene)chromium(0) (4g) is obtained [Eqs. (7) and (8)j. During chromatography on silica gel, the 1,3-cyclohexadiene complex 3g dismutates readily to [Cr(CO)6] and 4g [Eq. (9)]. Under the same conditions with 2 1,3-cyclopentadiene (lh) yields, in a hydrogen-transfer reaction, the stable dicarbonyl- / 5-cyclopentadienyl-r/ 3-cyclopent-enylchromium (5) (11-13) [Eq. (10)]. 

In contrast to its ready reaction with acetylenes, Cp2Mo2-(CO)i+ does not react with simple olefins or dienes, e.g., C2Ht+, butadiene, C2H3CN, norbornadiene, etc. With TONE (C2(CN)iJ, 1 is oxidized and [CpMo(C0)il]+ [TONE]7 may be isolated (6). Allene does react, however, to form a complex, ll, in which each of the orthogonal C=C n-bonds donates two electrons to each molybdenum. This fluxional molecule has C2 symmetry in the solid state and has a Mo-Mo bond length of 3.117(1)A (32). 

The reactions proceed at high pressure and 65°C. For the heavier elements in the triad, especially for molybdenum there are many examples however, e.g., the hydrides XXII react with butadiene to give complexes XXin ... 

For instance, in the cationic molybdenum complex below containing the following ligands benzene (even, closed), butadiene (even, open) and allyl (odd, open), the nucleophilic attack will occur in exo on the terminal butadiene carbon. The first rule indicates that an even ligand (benzene or butadiene) should be preferably attacked the second rule says that the open butadiene ligand is attacked preferably to the closed benzene one, and the third rule states that a terminal butadiene carbon is preferred ... 

The syntheses are related to the ones used for the mono-ene complexes. The metal-vapor technique of synthesis involving very low pressure of metals has been used to make binary complexes such as molybdenum (0) tris-1,3-butadiene. 

The X-ray crystal structure of the tris( n4-naphthalene)zirconate(2-) anion as the bis[K(2,2,2-crypt)] salt has been determined, revealing a trigonal prismatic coordination geometry of local Csv symmetry about the zirconium atom, as defined by the mid-points of the C-C vectors of the coordinated diene units, similar to that eviously observed for the isoelectronic tris(ii i-butadiene)molybdenum complex. 

Sketch (a) the transition state for a concerted metal atom-assisted 3,9 hydride shift (b) two PNP ligands (c) the ligand used for selective dimerization of butadiene (d) a general structure for molybdenum- and tungsten-based metathesis precatalyst (e) a six-coordinate rathenium precatalyst for metathesis (f) a solid isolated from the reaction between Pd(OAc)j plus PRj (R = o-tolyl) (g) a T-shaped palladium complex and a two-coordinate palladium complex with a monodentate phosphine (h) an iron complex with a seven-membered metallacycle (i) the transition state for metal-catalyzed cyclopropanation (j) a rhodium and a copper precatalyst used in cyclopropanation reactions. 

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