Non phase-in substances

Apart from the above-mentioned chemicals which are counted among the so-called non phase-in substances, REACH also discerns the so-called phase-in substances. The latter are called this way... 

REACH introduces a single system covering both existing and new substances under the old system and categorises substances as either non-phase-in substances (i.e. those not produced or marketed prior to the entry into force of REACH) or phase-in substances (those listed in the European Inventory of Existing Commercial chemical Substances Information System - EINECS, or those that have been manufactured in the Community, but not placed on the Community market, in the last fifteen years). 

The latter deadline is set nearly 20 years after the ministerial call for a new chemicals policy in the EU. Above 10 t, a Chemical Safety Report with data on a relatively large set of parameters, including data on intrinsic properties, exposure scenarios and risk management measures, is to be included in the registration (Article 14, Annex 1). For substances in quantities of 1-10 t, a technical dossier with more basic data (Article 10) is stated to be sufficient. Concerning so-called non-phase-in substances , i.e. basically those not being produced or marketed before REACH, the registration provisions entered into force on 1 June, 2008 (Article 141). 

Besides using pure and non-electro-active solvents and chemicals (see Mobile Phase in Chapter 4) for the mobile phase to reduce background current the relationship between working electrode potential and background current must be determined before you can select the optimum working electrode potential for analysis of the substance. 

Since both components re generally non-Newtonian liquids and the droplet shape of the dispersed phase depends on shear stress, the rheological properties of these emulsions must be rather complicated. Consequently, the shear-stress dependence of the viscosity of the emulsions is caused not only by the characteristic properties of the macromolecular substances but also by the behavior of the dispersed phase in a shear field. 

A gaseous substance at dilute density normally is in the state of an ideal gas and it turns into a non-ideal gas as the density increases. A further increase in the density leads to the condensation of a gas into a liquid or solid phase. In the ideal gaseous state the chemical potential of a substance changes linearly with the logarithm of the density, and a deviation from the linearity occurs in the non-ideal state. For a condensed substance in the liquid or solid state its chemical potential hardly changes with the density. This chapter concerns the equations of state and the calculation of thermodynamic potentials of gaseous and condensed substances. 

The initial pressure wave and the subsequent underpressure, follow a phase in which the underpressure resulting from the explosion causes a flux of surrounding air to the centre of the explosion. The released, non-exploded, burning substance is as a result of the underpressure sucked into where the explosion occurred, and therefore enters all non air-tight objects (caves, bunker, tunnels) and burns these. Suffocation and internal damage can result to both humans and animals that are located out of the immediate vicinity e.g. in deeper tunnels as a result of the pressure wave, the burning of oxygen, or the subsequent underpressure. 

As early as in the 1950s separations were described that utilised ion-exchange resins for separation of non-ionic organic substances, principally on the basis of a reversed-phase mechanism [50[. Since then, sufficiently rigid, chemically and mechanically stable polymer-based stationary phases have been introduced having a broad range of particle sizes and porosities which are comparable to silica-based stationary phases. Most... 

This is based on the partitioning of a substance between two liquid phases, in this instance the stationary and mobile phases. Substances which are more soluble in the mobile phase will pass rapidly through the system while those which favour the stationary phase will be retarded (Fig. 31.2). In normal phase partition chromatography the stationary phase is a polar solvent, usually water, supported by a solid matrix (e.g. cellulose fibres in paper chromatography) and the mobile phase is an immiscible, non-polar organic solvent. For reversed-phase partition chromatography the stationary phase is... 

These include membranes made of liquid electroactive substances or with electroactive substances dissolved in a suitable non-volatile, water-immiscible solvent (mediator). In early designs, the organic phase was placed between two aqueous phases in bulk or with the support of a thin, porous cellulose sheet, sintered glass, or the like. As work with these sensors proceeded, more durable polymer supports were developed, most often poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). An electroactive... 

Other substances have the ability to develop excess of either metal or non-metal without change of phase in... 

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