Molecular strength, effect

Machuqueiro M, Baptista AM (2006) Constant-pH molecular dynamics with ionic strength effects Protonation-conformation coupling in decalysine. J Phys Chem B 110 2927—2933. 

Phenol red immobilized PVA membrane for an optical pH sensor is developed based on the same approach, since the molecular structure of phenol red is similar to that of phenolphthalein. Phenol red was first reacted with the formaldehyde to produce hydroxymethyl groups, and then it was attached to PVA membrane via the hydroxymethyl groups. The changes of spectra characteristics after immobilization, the ionic strength effects, response time, reproducibility and long-term stability of the sensor membrane are discussed by Z. Liu et al. [170],... 

Podsiadlo P, Tang Z, Shim BS et al (2007) Counterintuitive effect of molecular strength and role of molecular rigidity on mechanical properties of layer-by-layer assembled nanocomposites. Nano Lett 7 1224-1231... 

The CD induced in the visible absorption bands of proflavine cation intercalated to DMA was characterized in terms of the dye-DNA base pair exciton interactions [84]. In this work, the data were obtained at very low amounts of intercalated solute relative to the amount of oligonucleotide, with the goal of observing the CD spectra of isolated and monomeric dye systems. Substantial ionic strength effects were noted, indicating the electrostatic nature of the interaction. Comparison of the data with the results obtained after theoretical modeling indicated that the proflavine molecules insert in the DNA helix with the molecular plane parallel to the stacking plane of the DNA base pairs. 

While enzymes, as a rule, essentially lose their normal activity and specificity, they possess new useful features 1) utilization of substrates non-soluble in water 2) their ability to change substrate and inhibitor selectivity and specificity 3) they alternate of reactions thermodynamics and kinetics reactions so that desirable products are favoured 4) improvements of enzyme stability and 5) the possibility to fix enzymes and reaction intermediates at states of certain pH and ionic strength in both solution and crystal form ( molecular memory effects ). 

Obviously the pore size determines which molecules can access the acidic sites inside the zeolite framework (molecular sieving effect) and is responsible for the shape selectivity observed with these materials (see later). The catalytic activity is also influenced by the acid strength of these sites which is determined by the Si/Al ratio (see above). The latter can be increased by post-synthesis removal of A1 atoms. Dealumination can be achieved by treatment with a... 

Polyelectrolytes are a substance class notoriously difficult to analyze. This problem also exists for Fl-FFF due to polymer-polymer or polymer-wall/mem-brane interactions. Benincasa and Giddings [59] completed a systematic study of ionic-strength effects in the application of Fl-FFF to both cationic and anionic polyelectrolytes over a broad molecular weight range. Poly(2-vinylpyridine) was effectively characterized in a 20 mM solution of nitric acid (pH 2), while the best results on poly(styrene sulfonate) were obtained in a dilute (6.5 mM) solution of... 

The angular overlap model, which has been of use in understanding the electronic structure and spectra of transition metal complexes is used to look at the factors which influence the shapes and relative bond strengths in main group systems AB ( = 2-7). Whilst the method is of some interest in itself, the main value of this paper is to show how several molecular orbital effects (Ugand-central atom p orbital bond energy, central atom s orbital involvement, and non-bonded interactions) contribute to determine the overall geometry. 

In addition to molecular sieving effects, which make use of different diffusivities of the different guests, the fine control over MOF surface chemistry has seen the emergence of materials that discriminate gases according to the strength of their adsorption interaction. An example here is the 3D pillared layer phase [Cu2(pzdc)2(pz)] (where... 

The molecular recognition effect at the basis of the specific interaction between the imprinted stationary phase and the template is based on several kinds of noncovalent bond—ionic, hydrogen bond, charge transfer, dipole-dipole—and its strength depends both on the nature of the imprinted binding sites and on the composition of the mobile phase. 

Muscles are elastic and distributable, which can be shaped into various forms. Hierarchical and organized structure of muscles amplifies molecular motility effectively, which realizes the high performance and mechanical strength of the muscles. 

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