Molecular signalling mechanisms

CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITIONS AS MOLECULAR SIGNALLING MECHANISMS IN SYNTHETIC BILAYER MEMBRANES... 

Molecular signalling mechanisms of host-materials interactions... 

In order to properly discuss molecular signalling mechanisms of host-miaterial interactions, it is necessary to define the terms biomaterials and biocompatibility. Considering the influence of David Williams in reaching a consensus about these issues, we adopt the views that he expressed in two keynote papers (Williams, 2008,2009). 

The first topic is composed by six chapters that present a general overview and discuss sensitive subjects such as Design and preparation of biomimetic and bioinspired materials, Preparative methods and devices of bioinspired materials in drug-delivery systems, Metamorphic biomaterials. Molecular signaling mechanisms of host-materials interactions. Multifunctional biomaterials and their bioinspired systems for bioactive molecules delivery, and the Perspectives of bioinspired materials in regenerative medicine. 

Chapters 7 and 9 discuss specific exchange of molecular signals (the so-called molecular cross talk ) between beneficial microorganisms, such as rhizo-bia and mycorrhizas, and their host plants. Molecular cross talk seems to be a prerequisite mechanism for most of the plant infection by soil microorganisms (14). Only for a few microbial infections, however, the sequence and type of molecular signals involved have been characterized. Thus, there is the need for further studies to elucidate the unknown molecular cross talk between the most common rhizobacteria and fungi and the plant roots it is also needed to better understand how molecular cross talk responds to the changing environmental conditions. The potential applications of these studies are important because the... 

The EPO receptor is a member of the haemopoietic cytokine receptor superfamily. Its intracellular domain displays no known catalytic activity, but it appears to couple directly to the JAK2 kinase (Chapter 8) that likely promotes the early events of EPO signal transduction. Other studies have implicated additional possible signalling mechanisms, including the involvement of G proteins, protein kinase C and Ca2+. The exact molecular events underlining EPO signal transduction remain to be elucidated in detail. 

Dopamine receptors are found primarily in brain, although they also exist in kidney [33]. Two subtypes of dopamine receptor were initially identified based primarily on differences in their drug specificities and signaling mechanisms. D receptors were found to stimulate adenylyl cyclase activity, while D2 receptors inhibited this enzyme (Fig. 12-6). Subsequently, multiple Dr and D2-like receptors were identified by molecular cloning (Table 12-3) [33], All dopamine receptor subtypes are... 

An, S., Goetzl, E.J. and Lee, H., 1998, Signaling mechanisms and molecular characteristics of G protein-coupled receptors for lysophosphatidic acid and sphingosine 1-phosphate. J. 

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