Molasses toxicity

Citric Acid. By far the most extensively used food acidulant is citric acid (qv) [77-92-9] C HgO. This acid is favored because of its solubiUty, fresh flavor character, low cost, and low toxicity. It is commercially synthesized by fermentation (qv) of molasses hy Aspergillus niger (6). 

The process can be used to immobilize heavy metals such as Cd, Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Co. Cr(VI) can be reduced by some metal-reducing bacteria to the less toxic and less soluble form Cr(III). Arsenate [As(V)] can be reduced to the more mobile arsenite [As(III)] which precipitates as AS2S3, and is insoluble at low pH. Several laboratory-scale tests (batch and column) are currently available to study the feasibility of this process. However, only a few field tests have been performed to date. Two such tests have been conducted in Belgium, one at a non-ferrous industrial site, where the groundwater was contaminated with Cd, Zn, Ni and Co, and the other which was treated by injection of molasses in order to reduce chromium (VI) to chromium (III). A third demonstration in The Netherlands has been performed at a metal surface treatment site contaminated by Zn. The outcomes of a batch test of a groundwater heavily contaminated by Zn, Cd, Co and Ni are presented in Table 5. The initial sulphate concentration was 506mg/l. With the addition of acetate, a nearly... 

Elemental sulfur is a yellow solid, in which eight snlfnr atoms form a crown-shaped ring Ss. Unlike elemental white phosphorus, elemental snlfnr has very low toxicity. Years ago, people in the United States took a preparation of snlfnr and molasses as a spring tonic. Taken orally, sulfur has a mild laxative effect. Beyond that, it is not clear to me what favorable effects this tonic may have had, if any. There is a lot of snlfnr aronnd. When taken in all its forms, it accounts for nearly 2% of the weight of the crnst of the Earth. 

The formation of the imidazoles and pyrazines in the ammoniation of molasses17-19 increases the nitrogen content of the molasses, and makes it more valuable as animal fodder, asuthe ammoniated molasses is then a cheap source of protein and not merely a source of energy. Although imidazoles and pyrazines exhibit certain toxicities to animals, these can be overcome.17... 

Synonyms and trade names absolute alcohol, absolute ethanol, anhydrous alcohol, anhydrol, cologne spirit, molasses alcohol, potato ethanol, grain alcohol, spirit of wine, cologne spirit Use and exposure Ethyl alcohol is a flammable, colorless, and mildly toxic solvent. It is a versatile solvent and miscible in all proportions with water and many organic solvents it is incompatible with strong... 

Ingested sulfur powder induces catharsis, and has been used medicinally (usually with molasses) for that purpose. Some hydrogen sulfide is formed in the large intestine and this may present a degree of toxic hazard. However, an adult has survived ingestion of 60 grams. 

Betaine derives its name from the fact that it occurs in the molasses obtained from beets, being therefore present in the beet root. It is somewhat widely distributed in plants but not so widely as choline. Betaine is non-toxic and there is even possibility that it may be used as a food material by animals. Like lecithin it is not an individual, but represents rather a group of compounds characterized by the distinctive group... 

Thallium sulfate is very toxic. It has in fact been used as an altemahve to arsenic by assassins. The sulfate is odorless and tasteless, giving no warning of its presence. It is said that this deadly sulfate has also been used by dictatorial regimes to dispose of opponents. The victims seem to have died from natural causes. Thallium sulfate has been widely utilized as a rodenticide and ant kiUer. In 1987 many people in Guyana were affected by consuming milk from cows that had eaten molasses treated with thallium sulfate (for use against rats). Some 44 persons died. 

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