Molar ratio interactions

An interaction between NbF5 and CsF (molar ratio 1 4-10) in aqueous solution yields Cs2NbOF5 [56]. 

SHG signal of the mixture Li2C03 - NbC F (molar ratio 2 1) starts at a temperature of 550-570°C, which is the temperature at which the compounds interact, yielding compound Li4Nb04F characterizing as non-symmetric phase (Fig. 97, curve a). 

DMSO and water form a solution with nonideal behavior, meaning that the properties of the solution are not predicted from the properties of the individual components adjusted for the molar ratios of the components. The strong H-bonding interaction between water and DMSO is nonideal and is the primary driver for the very hygroscopic behavior of DMSO. Even short exposure of DMSO to humid air results in significant water uptake. Water and DMSO nonideal behavior results in an increase in viscosity on mixing due to the extensive H-bond network. 

In the past few years, a range of solvation dynamics experiments have been demonstrated for reverse micellar systems. Reverse micelles form when a polar solvent is sequestered by surfactant molecules in a continuous nonpolar solvent. The interaction of the surfactant polar headgroups with the polar solvent can result in the formation of a well-defined solvent pool. Many different kinds of surfactants have been used to form reverse micelles. However, the structure and dynamics of reverse micelles created with Aerosol-OT (AOT) have been most frequently studied. AOT reverse micelles are monodisperse, spherical water droplets [32]. The micellar size is directly related to the water volume-to-surfactant surface area ratio defined as the molar ratio of water to AOT,... 

The determination of theophylline in plasma can also be accomplished by various immunoassay techniques.66-67 Theophylline was also determined by a polarization fluoroimmunoassays but found to have a caffeine interference.88. In a more research oriented application, the interaction of caffeine with L-tryptophan was studied using h NMR with the results indicating that caffeine interacted with tryptophan in a 1 1 molar ratio through parallel stacking.69... 

The squaraine probe 9g was tested for its sensitivity to trace the formation of protein-lipid complexes [57]. The binding of dye 9g to model membranes composed of zwitter-ionic lipid phosphatidylcholine (PC) and its mixtures with anionic lipid cardiolipin (CL) in different molar ratios was found to be controlled mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Lysozyme (Lz) and ribonuclease A (RNase) influenced the association of 9g with lipid vesicles. The magnitude of this effect was much higher... 

Derrick studied the interaction of L-tryptophan and ibuprofen with human serum albumin (HSA),74 which is an abundant transport blood protein capable of binding efficiently several species.75 They acquired 1H NMR spectra of L-Tryptophan-HSA system for different ligand protein molar ratios, that is 3 1, 5 1, 7 1 and 10 1. The aromatic resonances of L-Tryptophan are difficult to be observed due to the overlap with HSA signals, even at 10 1 molar ratio, so that the spectral subtraction was performed. D values of L-Tryptophan were calculated by integration of the subtracted spectra and were in good agreement with those predicted by computer simulations. In the case of ibuprofen, only for 140 1 molar ratio, the resonances of ibuprofen are clearly visible also in this case, the... 

Since a biotinylated molecule potentially is able to interact with (strept)avidin at its biotin binding sites just as strongly as biotin in solution, the degree of biotinylation may be determined using the HABA method as well. Comparison of the response of a biotinylated protein, for example, with a standard curve of various biotin concentrations allows calculation of the molar ratio of biotin incorporation. 

Add a quantity of the Sulfo-SBED solution to the bait protein solution so that a 1- to 5-fold molar excess of crosslinker over the bait protein results in the reaction mixture. Mix well. Using greater quantities of Sulfo-SBED to the bait protein may result in precipitation due to the hydrophobic nature of crosslinker. In addition, over modification of the bait protein with the crosslinker may block sites of protein interaction, thus preventing complex formation. As a practical example, Horney et al. (2001), used a 1 1 molar ratio of Sulfo-SBED to the bait protein IGF-1 with success. 

Mix the labeled bait protein with the prey protein at equal molar ratios and incubate for 30 minutes at room temperature to create protein interaction complexes. 

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