Molar oxygen flow rate

The oxygen/carbon ratio, O/C, which is the ratio of molar oxygen flow rate multiplied by two to the molar flow rate of the fuel multiplied by the number, x, of carbon atoms in the fuel. This definition holds no matter whether there is oxygen contained in the fuel or not ... 

The lignin (50 g) was dissolved in a mixture of dioxane (500 ml) and methanol (1,000 ml), and ozonized at 0°C with an oxygen flow rate of 0.5 ml/min and ozone concentration of 3% as shown in Figure 3. After treatment with ozone, the solution was treated with an excess amount of ether, and the insoluble fraction was filtered off, followed by drying under vacuum. Three samples (No. 1, No. 2, and No. 3) differed in the extent of ozone treatment as shown in Table I. The molar equivalents were based on the ratio of ozone to each phenylpropane (C9) unit. The yield of each sample is also shown in Table I. 

Figure 4. Differential thermal analysis of catalysts used under different H naphtha molar ratios. Conditions heating rate, 24° C/min and oxygen flow rate...

Figure 9.25. Transient effect of applied positive current (1=5 mA) on the rate of consumption of hydrogen (rH2) and oxygen (r0) gas molar flow rate fm=13x 0"s mol/s.35 Reproduced by permission of The Electrochemical Society, Inc.

Transient computations of methane, ethane, and propane gas-jet diffusion flames in Ig and Oy have been performed using the numerical code developed by Katta [30,46], with a detailed reaction mechanism [47,48] (33 species and 112 elementary steps) for these fuels and a simple radiation heat-loss model [49], for the high fuel-flow condition. The results for methane and ethane can be obtained from earlier studies [44,45]. For propane. Figure 8.1.5 shows the calculated flame structure in Ig and Og. The variables on the right half include, velocity vectors (v), isotherms (T), total heat-release rate ( j), and the local equivalence ratio (( locai) while on the left half the total molar flux vectors of atomic hydrogen (M ), oxygen mole fraction oxygen consumption rate... 

Fig. 5. Methane conversion and oxygen flux during partial oxidation of methane in a ceramic membrane reactor. Reaction conditions pressure, 1 atm temperature, 1173 K, feed gas molar ratio, CH Ar = 80/20 feed flow rate, 20 mL min-1 (NTP) catalyst mass, 1.5 g membrane surface area, 8.4 cm2 (57).

Fig. 7. Methane conversion, CO selectivity, and oxygen flux through the ceramic membrane during the partial oxidation of methane in a ceramic membrane reactOT (see Fig. 6). Reaction conditions temperature, 1148 K catalyst, 3(X) mg of LiLaNi0 7-Al2Q3 air flow rale, 3(X) mL min (NTP) feed gas molar ratio, CH4/He = 1/1 feed flow rate, 42.8 mLmin (NTP) (72).

After substituting Equations 3.1.2 and 3.1.3 into Equation 3.1.1, the oxygen mole balance reduces to Equation 3.1.4 in Table 3.1.1. Because Equation 3.1.4 is an unsteady-state, first-order differential equation, we need an initial condition to calculate the constant of integration. Initially, the tank contains air, which has an oxygen concentration of approximately 21 % by volume. We could also write the mole balance for nitrogen, but in this case it is more convenient to write the total mole balance, which results in Equation 3.1.5. Once we write Equations 3.1.4 to 3.1.6, the nitrogen mole balance is not an independent equation. Equation 3.1.7 states that the molar flow rate is equal to the product of the molar density and the volmnetric flow rate. 

Methanol flows at the rate of 1000 kmol/h (22051b mol)into the reactor, shown in Figure 3.4.1, where methanol is oxidized catalytically to formaldehyde under non-adiabatic conditions. The reactants enter the reactor at 500 °C (932 °F), and the products exit at 600 °C (1110 °F). The methanol in stream 1 and air in stream 2 are both at 500 °C, and the methanol conversion is 80 %. To minimize possible combustion of methanol and formaldehyde, we set the molar flow rate of oxygen at 80% of the stoichiometric quantity. The reaction is... 

C Pure oxygen, with a molar flow rate one-fifth of the molar flow rate of stream B... 

Theoretical Oxygen The moles (batch) or molar flow rate (continuous) of O2 needed for complete combustion of all the fuel fed to the reactor, assuming that all carbon in the fuel is oxidized to CO2 and all the hydrogen is oxidized to H2O. 

Humid air at 75°C, 1.1 bar, and 30% relative humidity is fed into a process unit at a rate of 1000 m /h. Determine (1) the molar flow rates of water, dry air, and oxygen entering the process unit, (2) the molal humidity, absolute humidity, and percentage humidity of the air, and (3) the dew point. 

Suppose the oxygen gas fed to the reactor and the oxygen in the coal combine with all the hydrogen in the coal (Reaction 3) and with some of the carbon (Reaction 2), and the remainder of the carbon is consumed in Reaction 1. Taking a basis of 1.00 kg coal fed to the reactor and letting o equal the moles of O2 fed, draw and label a flowchart. Then derive expressions for the molar flow rates of the four outlet gas species in terms of hq. (Partial solution h2 = 51,5 - no.)... 

Ethylene and oxygen are fed in stoichiometric proportions to a packed-bed reactor operated isothermally at 260°C. Ethylene is fed at a rate of 0.30 lb mol/s at a pressure of 10 atm. It is proposed to use 10 banks of 11-in.-diameter schedule 40 tubes packed with catalyst with 100 tubes per bank. Consequently, the molar flow rate to each Qibe is to be 3 X lO " Ib inol/s. The properties of the reacting fluid are to be considered identical to those of air at this temperature and pressure. The density of the j -itL-catalyst particles is 120 Ib/ft and the bed void fraction is 0.45. The rate law is... 

To determine the extent of the chemical reaction, we use the given composition of the oxygen in the exit stream. First, we use Eq. 2.3.13 to express the oxygen molar flow rate at the reactor exit ... 

Steady-state flow experiments were performed at 673 K and 1 atmosphere pressure using a gas blend of 88% Argon, 10% oxygen and 2% n-butane. Molar flow rates were set to insure turbulent flow [14]. The reactor effluent was monitored by leaking a small amount into the TAP-2 vacuum system and collecting the mass spectrum. 

Conversions were cdculated as the difference between the outlet and inlet molar flow rates of methane or oxygen, divided by their inlet flow rates. The CO and H2 selectivities were calculated as the molar flow rates of CO and H2 in the effluent divided by the total amount of carbon oxides and H2 and H2O in the effluent respectively. Water flow rates were calculated by mass balance. 

Calculate the oxygen absorption rate in Ib-mol/hr-ft (of reactor cross section), allowing for the ehange in molar flow rate of the gas. 

Sulfur was supplied either as a powder or a vapor (in this case CO2 was preheated to 450° C), the gas pressure was 60-120 Torr, the CO2 flow rate was 0.1-0.5 L/s, the sulfur supply rate was up to 0.2 g/s, and the power was about 1 kW. In the case of initially stoichiometric S-CO2 mixture, the product mixture was also stoichiometric [S02] [CO] = 1 2. Molar fractions of oxygen and sulfur-organic compounds in the reaction products were negligible. A minimal energy cost of the process (6-133) with sulfur supplied as a vapor was... 

The slowest timescale, by several orders of magnitude, is for the diffusive motion of liquid in the lateral direction within the membrane, Tmem = Idy = 8.3 X 10 s. On this slow timescale, we take the gas mole fractions Cy,Co, and Ay at steady-state, driven adiabatically by the changing water flux into the plenums. The well-stirred gas plenums are assumed to have constant pressure and inlet flow rates. On the cathode side the inlet gas is pure oxygen. The total molar concentration Cr, nondimensionalized by the saturation pressure Cs t T), is a constant of space and time and equals the molar concentration of the inlet gases. This yields the molar balance... 

Problem 14.23 SO3 is produced by oxidation of SO2 in the presence of air. SO2 is mixed with air so that the molar ratio of SO2 to oxygen is 1 1.2 and is passed through a reactor at 1 bar, 850 K, until equilibrium is established. To improve conversion, SO3 is separated out of the product mixture, while a portion of the other gases (SO2,02, and N2) is recycled back into the reactor with the rest being used elsewhere in the plant. Assuming that all of the SO3 is obtained at the exit of the separator in pure form (i.e., no oxygen or nitrogen are present), determine the flow rate of the recycle stream (per 100 mol in the feed) that is required to produce an overall conversion of 95% and report the per-pass conversion of the reactor. 

Molar flow rate of air feed and the sweep gas Oxygen permeation rate Reverse surface exchange reaction rate constant... 

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