Modeling breadboard

Measurements on the breadboard configuration were made at several output capacitor values. The results are shown in Fig. 4.74. The SPICE model was simulated at V5n = V DC (85 volts AC), with the... 

The modulation gain of the test circuit was also measured. The modulation gain is the gain from the output of the opto-coupler to the output of the STR-F6524 average mode model. The breadboard results are shown in Fig. 4.76, and the IsSpice results are shown in Fig. 4.77. 

Output impedance was measured on both the breadboard and the IsSpice models. To simulate the output impedance, voltage source V4 was changed to AC 1 and the current source on the output was changed to AC 1. The breadboard measurements are shown in Fig. 4.78, while the IsSpice results are shown in Fig. 4.79. 

The SPICE models were tested slightly differently than the breadboard. The SPICE test schematic is shown in Fig. 6.11. 

Three different measurements were made in order to characterize the performance of this amplifier circuit and show the correlation of the breadboard results to the SPICE models. The three inputs and their resulting measurements are described in detail in Table 6.1. 

The input pulse and the output DC voltage were measured using an oscilloscope. The result picture is shown in Fig. 10.3a. Unfortunately, the ripple on the breadboard was small enough to be swamped by the noise in the lab, and we were not able to make an accurate measurement. The IsSpice model result is shown in Fig. 10.3b. The top waveform is the output voltage and the bottom waveform is the input pulse. 

The only real error source for the output voltage are the forward drop characteristics of this diode. Each of the three SPICE simulators has a model for the 1N4002 diode, with all of the simulators within about 100 mV of each other. The question is, which model is correct The answer is they are probably all correct. The forward drop tolerance of a diode varies from lot to lot, from manufacturer to manufacturer, and from device to device. Table 10.1 shows the results of each of the three simulators along with the breadboard results. 

Examining Fig. 10.17, it is interesting to note the Micro-Cap and IsSpice results are very similar, the PSpice results are slightly higher, and the breadboard data falls in between the simulations. Suspecting the culprit to be the diode models, these were examined more closely. 

In Fig. 10.19, the traces, from top to bottom, are Ron Kielkowski s model, the Micro-Cap model, the IsSpice model, the measured data from a 1N4002 from the quadrupler circuit, and the PSpice model. The measured data is the dotted line. All of the diode data is similar. The differences from the breadboard diode, as explained above, are largely due to manufacturing tolerances, different manufacturers, and lot-to-lot variations. Ron Kielkowski s model was taken from the data for an actual 1N4002 diode as well. Figure 10.19 is a good example of how differences in models do not indicate their correctness. It is easy to construct a SPICE-compatible diode model that will exactly trace the curve of the breadboard 1N4002 however it would still be valid only for the exact breadboard modeled with that diode. 

The equivalent SPICE model circuit of the breadboard is shown in Fig. 10.29. The most drastic difference is the UC1846 circuit has been... 

R.LDCR). A 75 watt light bulb was used as the load in the breadboard. In order to model this light bulb, resistor R PLOAD was added. 

Our first step was the construction and testing of a breadboard model of the system, as shown in Figure 2. In this configuration, a conventional automotive turbocharger (in the foreground) was coupled to the scroll compressor portion of the First Generation Compressor/Expander Module (in the... 

The confocal epifluorescent detection scheme we use is common among many who use this detection mode and features a cube-and-rail assembly system, specifically the microbench system from LINOS Photonics (Milford, MA) on an optical breadboard to maintain proper alignment of components (Figure 45.13). The excitation source is a multiline argon ion gas laser (model Reliant 150 m. Laser Physics, West Jordan, UT) that features user-selectable wavelengths (457,488, and 514 nm)... 

Rather than beginning by building a system and testing the behavior of a breadboard model, the first step is to simulate the behavior using simulation models that approximate the processor structures. The hardware should be modeled at two levels. 

The Modular Fluid System (MFS) concept as base system for the realization of Micro-TAS, as well as a number of different micromechanical components for use in Micro-TAS are presented. The correspondence of MFS to electronic breadboards is discussed, and an example of a possible "mixed" fluidic/electronic board is given. The consequences of downscaling for the operation of sensors in Micro-TAS are discussed, and a number of components, sensors, sieves, mixers, valves and pumps are presented. Finally, the importance of the development of design tools and rules, especially bondgraph modelling, for MFS is emphasized. 

Answer by Author No, the tests were made with a "breadboard" type laboratory model however, all the functioning parts would be essentially the same for the compressor shown in the figure. 

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