Model of Hunt

On the basis of ratios of C and C present in carbon dioxide, Weinstock (250) estimated a carbon monoxide lifetime of 0.1 year. This was more than an order of magnitude less than previous estimates of Bates and Witherspoon (12) and Robinson and Robbins (214), which were based on calculations of the anthropogenic source of carbon monoxide. Weinstock (250) suggested that if a sufficient concentration of hydroxyl radical were available, the oxidation of carbon monoxide by hydroxyl radical, first proposed by Bates and Witherspoon (12) for the stratosphere, would provide the rapid loss mechanism for carbon monoxide that appeared necessary. By extension of previous stratospheric models of Hunt (104), Leovy (150), Nicolet (180), and others, Levy (152) demonstrated that a large source of hydroxyl radical, the oxidation of water by metastable atomic oxygen, which was itself produced by the photolysis of ozone, existed in the troposphere and that a chain reaction involving the hydroxyl and hydroperoxyl radicals would rapidly oxidize both carbon monoxide and methane. It was then pointed out that all the loss paths for the formaldehyde produced in the methane oxidation led to the production of carbon monoxide [McConnell, McElroy, and Wofsy (171) and Levy (153)1-Similar chain mechanisms were shown to provide tropospheric... 

Q. Han, J. D. Hunt. Numerical modelling of the growth of a cellular/dendritic array in multi-component alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 255 192, 1997. 

Hunt, J.V., Dean, R.T. and Wolff, S. (1988). Hydroxyl radical production and autoxidative glycosylation. Glucose oxidation as the cause of protein damage in the experimental glycation model of diabetes mellitus and ageing. Biochem. J. 256, 205-212. 

Hunt, J., Bottoms, M. and Mitchinson, M.J. (1993). Oxidative alterations in the experimental glycation model of diabetes mellitus are due to protein-glucose adduct oxidation. Biochem. J. 291, 529-535. 

Wang HW, Tedla N, Hunt JE, Wakefield D, McNeil HP. Mast cell accumulation and cytokine expression in the tight skin mouse model of scleroderma. Exp Dermatol 2005 14(4) 295-302. 

McGill WB, Hunt HW, Woodmansee RG, Reuss JO (1981) Phoenix, a model of the dynamics of carbon and nitrogen in grassland soils. In Clark FE, Rosswall T (eds), Terrestrial nitrogen cycles. Ecological Bulletin (Stockholm) 33 49-115... 

In 1980, Stella and Himmelstein [5] introduced the principles of pharmacokinetic modelling into the field of pro-drugs and site-specific delivery. In 1986, Hunt et al. [6] extended the model of Stella and Himmelstein by taking into account a specific area where toxicity occurs. Their work may be considered as the frame of reference for later work in this area. 

Froger N, Gardier AM, Moratalla R, Alberti I, Lena I, Boni C, De Felipe C, Rupniak NM, Hunt SP, Jacquot C, Hamon M, Lanfumey L (2001) 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)lA autoreceptor adaptive changes in substance P (neurokinin 1) receptor knock-out mice mimic antidepressant-induced desensitization. J Neurosci 21 8188-8197 Gardier AM, Bourin M (2001) Appropriate use of knockout mice as models of depression or models of testing the efficacy of antidepressants. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 153 393-394... 

It is possible to estimate the influence of the spectrometer on linewidth measurements by convolving the response function with a mathematical model of the line. The resulting curve may be compared with the observed line and the true width inferred. Hunt et al. (1968) have employed corrections of this type supplied by the author in their determination of carbon monoxide self-broadened linewidths. 

Whereas there is little doubt that the method of moments, as the procedure is called, is basically sound, it is obvious that for reliable results high-quality experimental data over a broad range of frequencies and temperatures are desirable. As importantly, reliable models of the interaction potential must be known. Since these requirements have rarely been met, ambiguous dipole models have sometimes been reported, especially if for the determination of the spectral moments substantial extrapolations to high or to low frequencies were involved. Furthermore, since for most works of the kind only two moments have been determined, refined dipole models that attempt to combine overlap and dispersion contributions cannot be obtained, because more than two parameters need to be determined in such case. As a consequence, empirical dipole models based on moments do not attempt to specify a dispersion component, or test theoretical values of the dispersion coefficient B(7) (Hunt 1985). 

The values of [0(1D)] in the upper atmosphere have been calculated on the basis of two models by Hunt.102 103 Both treatments suggest that the product [0(1D)][02] is greatest at altitudes between 40 and 50 km, where 0(1D) is primarily removed by collisional deactivation. 

Morton AJ, Hunt MJ, Hodges AK, Lewis PD, Redfern AJ, Dunnett SB, et al. A combination drug therapy improves cognition and reverses gene expression changes in a mouse model of Huntington s disease. Eur J Neurosci 2005 21(4) 855-870. 

Jinnah HA, Wojcik BE, Hunt M, Narang N, Lee KY, Goldstein M, Wamsley JK, Langlais PJ, Friedmann T (1994) Dopamine deficiency in a genetic mouse model of Lesch-Nyhan disease. J Neurosci 74 1164-1175. 

Given the problems of theoretical complexity, numerical instability, and lengthy computation, the development of a realistic three-dimensional model of tropospheric motions is very difficult [see Manabe and Hunt (163) and Mahlman and Manabe (162)]. The considerable research in the general area of transport processes in the lower atmosphere has been reviewed by Reiter (204-206). 

Bertorelli R, Fredduzzi S, Tarozzo G, CampaneUa M, Grundy R, Beltramo M, Reggiani A (2005) Endogenous and exogenous melanocortin antagonists induce anti-allodynic effects in a model of rat neuropathic pain. Behav Brain Res 157 55-62 Bester H, De Felipe C, Hunt SP (2001) The NKl receptor is essential for the full expression of noxious inhibitory controls in the mouse. J Neurosci 21 1039-1046... 

To address the questions of non-homogeneous/spur kinetics, John Hunt and his group at Toronto developed a sub-nanosecond pulse-radiolysis system.In their stroboscopic pulse radiolysis system, they could observe from about 30 to 350 ps after the pulse with a time resolution of about 10 ps. Their results showed no significant decay of the electron between 30 and 350 ps, which was not consistent with the diffusion-kinetic models of spur decay in radiation chemistry. 

Koeller DM, Woontner M, Crnic LS, Kleinschmidt-DeMasters B, Stephens J, Hunt EL, et al. Biochemical, pathologic and behavioral analysis of a mouse model of glutaric acidemia type I. Hum Mol Genet 2002 11 347-57. 

The analyses of Hunt, Liebovich and Richards, 1988 [287] and of Finnigan and Belcher, 2004 [189] divide the flow in the canopy and in the free boundary layer above into a series of layers with essentially different dynamics. The dominant terms in the momentum balance in each layer are determined by a scale analysis and the eventual solution to the flow held is achieved by asymptotically matching solutions for the flow in each layer. The model apphes in the limit that H/L 1. By adopting this limit, Hunt, Liebovich and Richards [287] were able to make the important simplification of calculating the leading order perturbation to the pressure held using potential how theory. This perturbation to the mean pressure, A p x, z), can then be taken to drive the leading order (i.e. 0(II/I.) ]) velocity and shear stress perturbations over the hill. 

A theory of flow in canopies over low hills has been developed by extending the asymptotic matching approach of Hunt, Liebovich and Richards, 1988 [287] that was developed for hills covered by short roughness. This shows that the flow in the canopy asymptotically splits into two layers an upper canopy layer that can be linearised and a lower canopy layer that must be modeled non-linearly. In the upper canopy layer and in the shear stress layer just above the canopy, the velocity perturbations caused by the hill are closely in phase with (-) the perturbation pressure and a velocity maximum occurs just ahead of the hill crest. In the lower canopy layer, the velocity perturbations are in phase with the perturbation pressure gradient, which for a single Fourier mode is 7r/2 out of phase with the pressure perturbation. 

Carruthers, D.J., Hunt, J.C.R., and Weng, W.-S. (1988) A computational model of stratified turbulent airflow over hills, FLOWSTAR I. In Computer Techniques in Environmental Studies (ed. P. Zanetti), Springer-Verlag, 481-492. 

Owinoh, A., Orr, A., Hunt, J.C.R., and Clark, P. (2005) Numerical modelling of boundary layer flow over a low hill with abrupt surface heat flux change. To be submitted. 

Telionis DP (1981) Unsteady Viscous Flows. Springer-Verlag, New York Thomas NH, Auton TR, Sene K, Hunt JCR (1983) Entrapment and transport of bubbles by transient large eddies in multiphase turbulent shear flows. In Stephens HS, Stapleton CA (eds) International Conference on Physical Modelling of Multi-Phase Flows, BHRA Fluid Engineering, pp. 169-184, Cranfield Thomson WJ (2000) Introduction to transport phenomena. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River... 

Johansen, T.A. and Foss, B.A. (1995). Semi-empirical modeling of non-linear dynamic systems through identification of operating regimes and locals models. In Neural Network Engineering in Control Systems, K Hunt, G Irwin and K Warwick, Eds., pp. 105-126, Springer-Verlag. 

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